Engineering Ethics of Titanic Sinking Essay

Utilitarianism Look at the Titanic When engineers design a product many things go in to the decision making process when it comes to selecting materials, design, and the manufacturing processes. One concern that has always been in the decision making process is trying to make sure the outcome will always be ethically good, although this isn’t always the case. Try as they might, no person is perfect, and accidents do happen. When engineering disasters happen there are many factors that may be involved, such as human factors, design flaws, extreme conditions, and materials failures. When these things do happen it is important to look at the ethical aspect of each part of the failure and try to analyze if any one person could be put at fault. One very famous and very disastrous engineering failure was when the â€Å"unsinkable Titanic† hit an iceberg and sank. The Titanic was a British ship originally conceived in 1907 to be a mail and passenger line to go from England to New York by the Harland and Wolff Irish Shipbuilding Company and The White Star Line to compete with the Lusitania and Mauritania which were the two biggest and fastest steamships at the time. When the Titanic was constructed weighed and astounding 46,000 tons, which was one and a half times heavier than the Lusitania and Mauritania. The Titanic was to be far more extravagant than its counterparts. It had luxurious accommodations for its first class passengers including on-board swimming pools, a gymnasium, bathrooms with stained glass windows and comfortable furniture, and even the styles of decor differed from cabin to cabin. The Titanic also had a great number of less glamorous rooms to accommodate middle class passengers, which is where they p lanned to make a lot of their profit. Although it was more luxurious, the Titanic was slightly slower than its competitors. The ship set sail on April 10, 1912 for its maiden voyage. It stopped at Cherbourg, France and Queenstown, Ireland to let on more passengers and mail  before setting off for its final destination around dusk of April 11. The next afternoon, reports of an ice in steamship lanes were heard over the radio, but this was not unordinary for the time of year. As time went on more detailed warnings were being received and it became apparent that an ice field lay in the path of the Titanic. The ship tried to divert its path twice to miss the ice field, but on the night of April 14, lookouts spotted and iceberg in the immediate path of the Titanic. The ship tried to reverse directions when the warning came but it was too late. The Titanic struck an iceberg estimated to be six times more massive than it. This caused the hull, which had become less ductile due to the freezing water temperatures, to buckle allowing vast amounts of water to fill the ship. The Titanic was constructed with 16 wate rtight compartments, and four would be able to flood without incident, but this collision caused six of the compartments to flood. In less than three hours the massive shia form of ethics in which the aim of action should be to create the largest possible p carrying more than 2,200 people sank in below zero water. Only 705 passengers and crew survived and were picked up by the liner Carpathia the next morning. To fully understand this disaster and its possible causes and alternate outcomes it is important to look at the possible causes individually as well as a whole. It is also important to look at them from many different ethical perspectives, although, for this look at the sinking of the Titanic I have chosen to focus on a utilitarianism standard. Utilitarianism is a type of ethics popularized by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mills in which the aim of action should be to create the largest possible balance of pleasure over pain or the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. In other words, each decision should be made to result in the most happiness for the most people. This makes it a form of consequentialism, where the consequences of one’s conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness of that conduct. Jeremy Bentham created an algorithm to determine the degree or amount of pleasure that a specific action is likely to cause. He called this H edonic Calculus and it was divided into seven different categories. Bentham based this calculation off of intensity, or the strength of the pleasure, duration or how long the pleasure will last, certainty or how likely it is pleasure will occur, propinquity or how soon the pleasure will occur, fecundity or the likeliness it will be followed by pleasures, purity or probability that feelings of the opposite will occur, and extent or how many people will be affected. I will try to put some of the major failures of the Titanic in to these categories to determine the ethical standing of the engineers responsible for the Titanic. When analyzing this disaster the first thing to consider is the engineer’s design of the Titanic. The Titanic was employing many new and innovative designs that were believed to make the Titanic the safest ship ever built at that time. The engineer’s of the vessel made claims that the Titanic was â€Å"unsinkable† and that â€Å"even in the worst possible accident at sea, the ship should have stayed afloat for two to three days.† One of the features that lead them to this claim was the 16 watertight compartments in the hull of the ship. The way they were designed allowed for up to four compartments to be breached and they ship would still carry on. This feature of the ship would be a good act when looking at it from a utilitarianism view because in all categories of the hedonic calculus it seems like it will cause the most pleasure for the most number of people. Although the idea was good, it could be argued the execution was not. The compartments were mad e watertight by watertight doors that could be dropped manually if flooding occurred. This allowed for the compartments to be watertight horizontally, but the rooms had no ceilings, and the walls only went a few feet above the water line. This meant if a vast amount of water flooded a compartment it could flow over the top of one and spill into another. When applying the calculus to how the compartments were constructed the duration was medium because the walls at least slowed the water down some and hindered the sinking. The certainty and propinquity were good because it allowed for immediate pleasure, conversely the fecundity and extent are poor because the pleasure will be followed by pain when the compartments begin to spill over which would cause for a great number of people to experience pain, with a fewer number experiencing the pleasure. Another decision that led to the eventual demise of the Titanic was the materials chosen for the very important rivets. The flash of the Titanic also made it quite expensive to construct. To cut some costs the 3 million rivets used were made of two different materials, one stronger than the other. Steel rivets were only used in the central hull of the ship because this is where the engineers thought that the strongest rivets were needed. Weaker iron rivets were used in the stern and bow of the ship. This low quality metal used on these parts lost their integrity and became brittle in extremely cold waters, like the ones the Titanic would be travelling through. When applying to utilitarianism to this decision it is clear to see that this was a bad action. The duration of the pleasure would only be until something threatened to break the weaker rivets, but this is where you would want pleasure the most. It is unlikely that pleasure would continue throughout the life of the ship or happen suddenly so the certainty and propinquity are also bad. It is not likely that the pleasure of cutting costs would be followed by other pleasures so the fecundity and purity would be low. The extent of this possible pa in would be very great while the pleasure of saving money would only help a few which is also very bad in a utilitarian sense. The last oversight I will look at is the number of life boats on the Titanic. There was a law that required all vessels over 10,000 tons to have at least 16 life boats on deck. These were considered to be unappealing to the eye, so to try and give the greatest pleasure to their passengers the Titanic only had 20. Even though its massive size would have required over four times as many boats. This decision was made because the Titanic was â€Å"unsinkable† so the life boats were more on board to help save survivors of other boat crashes. This decision was initially pleasurable, but due to the circumstances turned out to cause great pain. The duration of the pleasure would be great as long as the boats were never needed. The certainty, propinquity, and extent were all high as long as the boat was above water. But if a crash happened all of these along with the purity and fecundity became very low. This action would have to be considered a bad action because when designing a ship you must consider the worst possible situations. When looking at all these flaws from a utilitarianism view it is clear that short term pleasure was always chosen over the possibility of long term pain or pleasure. This resulted in many thing being pleasurable up until the crash, but when designing a product where people lives may be at risk it is important to base your decisions on what would cause the greatest pleasure for the greatest number of people in all possible situations and outcomes. The hubris of the engineers clouded their vision and they failed to do this which resulting in the death of 1500 of the 2200 people on board the Titanic when it sank. Bibliography 1. http://www.matscieng.sunysb.edu/disaster/ 2. http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/9801/Felkins-9801.html 3. http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/ 4. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/titanic.htm 5. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary 6. http://www.writing.eng.vt.edu/uer/bassett.html 7. http://www.titanicuniverse.com/

My perception on Knowledge, Belief and Evidence

If I am asked, â€Å"What besides the true belief do you need in order to have knowledge?† I would answer that in order to have knowledge I need good reasons besides true belief. Those reasons should be able to provide enough evidences that would put the belief beyond any reasonable doubt and should be aligned to the capacity of my senses. Thus, in my idea, I can have knowledge only when it becomes a ‘properly grounded, true belief'. When a question like â€Å"When do you have good reason for doubting that a proposition is true?† arises, I would answer that I could have good reason for doubting a proposition to be true, when I would have justifiable evidence challenging that proposition, to the extent of providing good reasons for not believing the proposition in question. In my view, a proposition should not have any equally potent counterpoints (i.e., credible and aligned to my senses) towards establishing its truth. And if some asks me, â€Å"Is faith a source of knowledge?† My answer will be, â€Å"No, Faith is not a source of knowledge to me. It is a choice of belief without any reasoning supported by evidence. It cannot be the source of knowledge, because I cannot make something true by believing it to be true. At best, Faith is something that I can induce onto someone under the parameters of human behavior to get a desired result – which, again, is dependent on belief backed by reasoning enriched with evidence.† Ends

Impact of Sociology and Psychology Factors on Leisure/Tourism Activity Essay

Dyer, Gursoy, Sharma & Carter (2007, p. 409) argued that tourism is prominent in Australia’s economic restructuring, particularly in regional and coastal areas. There are many aspects such as history, attitudes and culture to contemplate when defining the meaning of leisure, though it is essential the participation of recreational activities free from any other obligations or responsibilities (Lynch & Veal 2006, p. 25). The issues statement provided for discussion through this essay is: â€Å"Australian governments, industry bodies and organizations work to promote leisure participation through a range of event, sport, tourism or hospitality experiences. All individuals have the opportunity to participate in these leisure experiences and can benefit from them if they make the effort†. This essay embodies psychological and sociological concepts to evaluate tourism experience. Following the essay, it will analyse two areas separately. It is divided into three parts in sociological aspect which are time, socio-economic and gender. In psychology aspect, it will emphasise on motivation and satisfaction. Through the conveyance of our study and research, the perspective held throughout this essay will agree with the statement that â€Å"All individuals have the opportunity to participate in these leisure experiences and can benefit from them if they make the effort†. Sociology Sociology is the study of the social lives of humans, groups, and societies, sometimes defined as the study of social interactions (Osborne & Van Loon 1998, p. 3). That means all social activity is not only just individuals’, but also connects with members of groups and institution. For tourism, tourists are usually stratified by geography, age, sex and socio-economic status (Dann 1977, p. 185). While this essay will discuss the aspect of time, socio-economic and gender. Time is one of the key elements in a tourist’s decision-making and people must adapt themselves to the amount of time the tourist has available at destination (Martinez-Garcia & Josep 2008, p. 1064). Leisure time is an important factor affecting tourism activities and a tourist will consider how much leisure time to save for the future, because leisure time has its price (Gu 1995, p.239). Gu (1995, p. 239) argued that â€Å"leisure time given up today can be transformed into additional discretionary income and saved for tomorrow, because non-regular working opportunities such as overtime work, second job and summer teaching always exist, and individual has the flexibility of allocating his or her leisure time between today and tomorrow†. Stockhausen (1998, p. 1676) argued that people may be deprived of leisure as there are no time left after work and family obligations. If people have too much work or housework then they will not go to participate in tourism. Martinez-Garcia & Josep (2008, p. 1067) argued the amount of time available is limited and must be distributed, among other things, between the time dedicated to travel and the time spent for work. That means how much time people can spend for tourism depend how much time they left after work. The socio-economic also impact of tourism on destinations (Martinez-Garcia & Josep 2008, p. 1064). Tourism consumption not only requires amount of time but also requires a significant amount of money (Gu 1995, p. 242). There are some negative socio-economic impact tourism, such as high spending tourists are likely to negatively affect people’s way of living; it is likely to change our precious traditional culture; it is likely to result in unpleasantly overcrowded beaches, hiking trails, parks and other outdoor places in people’s community; it is likely to put more pressure on local services such as police and fire protection, utilities and roads; the price of goods and services are likely to increase because of tourism and construction of hotels and other tourist facilities are likely to destroy the natural environment (Dyer, Gursoy, Sharma & Carter 2006, p. 414). The role of gender, and the inequalities correlated with this ideology, is most apparent in how a particular culture perceives the role of tourism as a leisure activity (Dunning 1999, p. 222). The women’s recreation is constrained by patriarchy-the pervasive power of men in society. It is so easy to force women have no time to engage in recreation. Women always consider a range of social or environmental factors before participate in the leisure activities such as safety, their behaviour and level of control (Lynch & Veal 2006, p. 377). Tourism is one of recreation activities, so before join in it, they will consider where they will go, who they go with, there is safe for them and so on. Also, women always play the role as wife and mother, and then they should do the housework and look after children even if they got a job. In general, women lack of access to appropriate space for leisure, they usually have less leisure time than men, especially for those in paid employment, and then women have less chance to participate in tourism activities. On the other hand, men have more time and more chance to go to travel than women. Overall, gender influences individuals to participate in tourism activity. Psychology This section discusses psychological factors of tourism activities. In terms of psychology, tourism is indication of tourists’ ideas and opinions about going on trips, about where to go and what to do, and about how to relate to other tourists, locals, service personnel. (Leiper, cited in Richardson & Fluker 2008, p. 6). Nowadays, there are various choices of tourism experience which people can choose and enjoy, fulfilling their satisfaction. To explain the facts related to psychological perspective such as why people look for tour and why tourists revisit the same destination, this section discusses tourists’ motivation and needs, and cognition next. Tourists’ motivations play an important role in understanding their behaviour. According to Iso-Ahola (cited in Ryan 2003, p. 84), motivation happens when people want to satisfy their needs and achieve psychological rewards with travel. As tourists’ needs are assorted, they can meet their satisfaction in different experiences. So, their preferences of tourism choices are also different. In general, People need to escape and seek, for instance, they want to escape from routine such as home or work environment and want to experience new place (McCabe 2000). In addition, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs can be applied to tourists’ needs for tourism; physical needs at base (rest, relaxation and exercise), safety/security needs (friendship groups and youth subcultures), love/affiliation needs (family leisure activities related to sexual partnering and team sports), social and self-esteem needs (exercise of skills in sport and cultural activities) and self-actualisation at the highest level (engaged in for their own sake) (Lynch & Veal 2006). For example, some individuals travel to relax and rest in order to escape their daily life; however, others travel to gain enjoyment from tourism experiences. In short, travellers can have different goals to achieve if they tour same place. There are two factors that influence tourists’ motivations; push and pull factors (Richardson & Fluker 2008). While push factors refer to socio-psychological motives, pull factors are not from tourists themselves but the destination itself (safety, attraction, climate etc. ) (Goossens 2000). McGehee et al. (cited in Meng & Uysal 2008, p. 448) stated that male and female tourists are influenced by push and pull factors in different degrees. In Australia, women tend to be affected by society, status and opportunities for family bonding, while men regard sports and adventure as more significant when they choose their trip. According to Burnett-Wolle and Godbey (2007), there are differences and similarities of tourism motivation between young and old people; older adults are not likely to be affected by acquiring career related experience and understanding others. However, both young and old people tend to be motivated by enhancing self-esteem, reducing negative affect, exercising values, and making friends. All individuals have their own characteristics so they feel differently when they visit same destination based on their tastes. There is a satisfaction process which can be affected by expectation and disconfirmation. According to Bosque and Martin (2008, p.553), satisfaction is defined as ‘an individual’s cognitive-affective state derived from a tourist experience’. Previous destination image, past experience and fellow tourists can affect tourists’ expectation. According to Maddux (cited in Larsen 2007, p. 9), an expectation can be defined as ‘the individual’s ability to anticipate, to form beliefs about and to predict future events and states’. In pre-purchase stage, people develop their expectation based on not only the image of destination (made by previous experience) but also fellow tourists’ opinions (Neal & Gursoy 2008). A positive image of the place will have an optimistic effect on the individual’s beliefs of a future experience. Tourists are likely to rely on their beliefs or expectations. As tours are intangible, evaluations are too difficult. In post-purchase stage, travellers tend to compare the actual performance with their expectation. If the actual performance exceeds tourists’ expectation, it is possible for them to have positive disconfirmation. Conversely, they are likely to have negative disconfirmation when their actual performance does not meet their expectation (Neal & Gursoy 2008). The satisfaction is affected by disconfirmation, emotion and comparing costs with rewards. Positive disconfirmation makes tourist satisfied with their travel. And emotion can affect their satisfaction independently. The emotional states will determine tourists’ response in satisfaction process because individuals’ enjoyment is based on their own experiences (Bosque & Martin 2008). Furthermore, Oliver and Swan (cited in Neal & Gursoy 2008, p. 54) argued that tourist’ satisfaction is formed by comparing costs (price, time and efforts) with rewards (benefits from tour). If they feel their benefits exceed costs they spend, they are likely to evaluate their experiences positively. Consequently, the higher level of tourist satisfaction causes the stronger loyalty to the destination. They are willing to revisit that places and recommend to other tourists by word-of-mouth (Bosque & Martin 2008; Chi & Qu 2008). In conclusion, our society has been aware of leisure importance recently. Especially, governments and organisations are trying to help all individuals to participate in tourism activities. A number of people enjoy their tourism because they are affected by psychology and sociology factors. When people travel, they need to spend amount of time and money. People should manage their time between work and leisure, and they can afford to go on a tour as well. In addition, gender inequality of opportunities in tourism exists even though the awareness has been improved. Because women are likely to consider social factors and perform domestic responsibility. While tourists can be motivated by external factors, internal factors also affect decision-making of tourism activities. Tourists meet their needs through tourism experiences. And all individuals have different needs and motivation, so the types of tourism they pursue are diverse. Generally, tourists are satisfied with their tourism experiences based on their cognition processes, which are affected by their previous experiences and expectation. Governments and organisations need to not only motivate tourists to take part in tourism but also support all individuals to enjoy their tourism activities in society when they are willing to participate in tourism. Word count: 1818 words Reference Bosque, IR & Martin, HS 2008, ‘Tourist satisfaction a cognitive-affect model’, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 551-573, Science Direct, viewed 2 October 2008, . Burnett-Wolle, S & Godbey, G 2007, ‘Refining research on older adults’ leisure: implications of selection, optimization, and compensation and socioemotional selectivity theories’, Journal of Leisure Research, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 498-513, Business Source Premier, viewed 1 October 2008, . Chi, CG & Qu, H 2008, ‘Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: an integrated approach’, Tourism Management, vol. 29, pp. 624-636, Science Direct, viewed 2 October 2008, . Dann, G 1977, ‘Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 184-194, Science Direct, viewed 2 October 2008, . Dunning, E 1999, Sport Matters: Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence and Civilisation, Taylor & Francis, London. Dyer, P, Gursoy, D, Sharma, B & Carter, J 2007, ‘Structural modelling of resident perceptions of tourism and associated development on the Sunshine Coast, Australia’, Tourism Management, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 409-422, Science Direct, viewed 2 October 2008, . Goossens, G 2000, ‘Tourism information and pleasure motivation’, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 301-321, Science Direct, viewed 2 October 2008, . Gu, Z 1995, ‘The relationship between interest rate and tourism activities’, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 14, pp. 239-243, Science Direct, viewed 2 October 2008, . Klenosky, DB 2002, ‘The pull of tourism destinations: a means-end investigation’, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 40, pp. 385-395, SAGE Publications, viewed 2 October 2008, . Larsen, S 2007, ‘Aspects of a psychology of the tourist experience’, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 7-18, Business Source Premier, viewed 1 October 2008, . Lynch, R & Veal, AJ 2006, Australian leisure, 3rd edn, Pearson, NSW. Martinez-Garcia, E & Raya, JM 2008, ‘Length of stay for low-cost tourism’, Tourism Management, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1064-1075, Science Direct, viewed 2 October 2008, . McCabe, AS 2000, ‘Tourism motivation process’, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1049-1052, Science Direct, viewed 2 October 2008, . Meng, F & Uysal, M 2008, ‘Effects on gender differences on perceptions of destination attributes, motivations, and travel values: an examination of a nature-based resort destination’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 445-466, Business Source Premier, viewed 2 October 2008, . 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Thchnology as a route to immortality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Mangerial Economics - Assignment Example Since sports is an inelastic product, the increase of price for the sports package from $10 to $25 did not have an effect on the quantity demanded. As noted by Gelles and Mitchell (260), although it increases the MC, the fixed costs remain the same. When we have zero fixed costs, the marginal cost is constant. When StarHub raised the price of the sports package from $7 to $15, the MC remained the same since all cable TV providers pay the content providers a royalty based on the number of subscribers of the content. The increase in content resulted in more subscribers subscribing to the service thus an increase to 504, 000 as at December 2007. Considering that sports is an inelastic product, an increase in price is unlikely to cause a substantial change in the quantity of demand. Therefore, the change that was relevant to StarHub’s pricing of cable television services was the increase of sports package from $10 to $15 since the marginal cost was low. The thematic basic packages need to be reduced from $32.95 to $ 22.95 monthly. The price of the sports package need not to be doubled but increased from $7 to $12 so to reduce the marginal costs. Furthermore, the basic packages need to be increased annually by $3. Lastly, being an inelastic product, the sports package need to be increased from $10 to $30 to cater for the initial costs and operational costs. According to Gilles and Mitchell (261), a firm does charge a price that is beyond the marginal

Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger Research Paper

Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger - Research Paper Example Salinger paid a great attention to the factors of personality formation. The novel â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† is considered to be Bible for many generations. Nowadays this work can seem even to be naive but at the previous century it was sensation which caused a great wave of different emotions and was officially censored. Very often reading a book the readers try to guess the content from the very beginning judging from the title. Some authors give the mysterious titles to their works in order do some kind of riddle. Into the title of his novel Salinger placed the whole philosophy, symbolism which was an integral part of the novel. This gives an excellent opportunity to the reader to interpret the novel in their own manner and discourse. The main point of this novel is that everyone can see themselves in this work. The features of the main character are sincere and impress with their honest depicting. Though it should be mentioned that this novel is not about a lazy young man who is so simple and easy from the first sight but the author calls the reader o look deep inside the complicated mechanism if Holden’s soul. The character is opening step by step, every page of the novel helps to understand the character. Salinger wants to tell everything about his hero. The psychological portrait of Salinger’s hero is contradictory and complex. The behavior of Holden often makes an impression of a painful start. He is not just shy, touchy, and sometimes not polite, like almost everyone is prone to introspection, teenager of so-called introverted type. As it is evident from the confessions of the hero of the novel, and from the details Holden is childish for his age â€Å"unwillingness to resemble the adults in Holden's first emotionally more than consciously, feeling ahead of his mind and he's ready to be finished in one fell swoop with their offenders among which not everyone deserve a severe sentence†. However, on the other hand the youn g minimalism of Holden Caulfield is understandable thirst for justice and transparency in human relations. The fact that most depresses Holden and what he judges is quite "grown-up" is the feeling of hopelessness, impending doom of all his attempts to arrange his life in this world. Peering into the future, he sees nothing, except the gray routine that has become the lot of the vast majority of his countrymen. Salinger's hero fails to interest Sally enough, however, who does not really believe in life in the hut by the stream (Slawenski, 2011). Formulaic Hollywood movies with the triumph of virtue and indispensable quirks in the final scenes cause attack of revulsion in Holden’s mind. Holden lives in the cruel soulless world, which like a machine tends either to break their victim, or reshape them into their own image. Holden is endowed with "absolute moral hearing" - he immediately discerns hypocrisy, and his hypersensitivity is a special kind of radar that catches it, and t hen quietly passes by other history of American literature. This is his youthful impatience and attracts the readers' hearts. Not surprisingly, Holden eagerly looking for at least some outlet craves human warmth, involvement and understanding. So the question arises, what he wants, as he thinks in about the future, the question is even more important because we know very well

Reports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reports - Essay Example The case study is supposed to help managers make working strategies that go beyond forecasting. According to the authors, managers have to do more than forecasting when coming up with new strategies (Kaplan & Orlikowski, 2014). After eight months of studying the strategy making process in CommCorp, the authors argue that strategy is more than just forecasting. The authors argue that is important for managers consider the past, present and the future of the company when coming up with strategies. By interpreting and reinterpreting the past, future and the present of the company managers can be able to come up with new workable strategy narratives that can steer their companies from uncertainty. The authors argue that strategy making does not revolve around making accurate forecasting. This is due to the fact the future is unpredictable. Secondly, it is imporant to consider the past when coming up with new strategies. The past can help predict the future and ensure that there is continuity from the past. Thirdly, managers should focus on coming up with a strategy narratives that will help the company in times of uncertainty. This means that the narrative should not be perfect but rather be good enough for no w. Lastly, breakdowns in the strategy making process should not be considered as a failure but rather a way of provoking thinking that will produce workable narratives (Kaplan & Orlikowski, 2014). The backbone of any company revolves around making workable strategies whenever when faced with uncertainty (Hill, & Jones, 2012). Managers have to know and understand how to come up with workable strategies during these crucial moments. The article offers priceless information on how managers can come up with strategy narratives. Backed with evidence from a case study of CommCorp, the author lays a foundation on which managers can use to come up with workable

It’s Also For Me Essay Example for Free

It’s Also For Me Essay Since I was in prep school, there is always a significant number of people who talk to me in English. And even if it’s not my prime vernacular, I try really hard to converse back. I have to admit that, most of the time, I have difficulties in understanding native English speakers as the use of slang is very popular here in the United States. I got the hang of it, though, by trying to learn the language on my own – whenever my schedule permits. I scan the dictionary every once in a while, read English short stories often, and ask my friends to talk to me in English whenever possible. These are the few ways I dig to acquire competence in writing and speaking in English, not to mention the fact that I never have had an English subject back in elementary and high school. Now that I plan to enter college, I need to pass the University Writing Skills Requirement (UWSR) as a requisite for a baccalaureate degree in my prospect university. This requirement is to measure a student’s competency in English writing. It’s a tough thing for me – that’s a given. But with my determination and persistence to hone my English skills (writing in particular), I am certain that I will be able to go through it and be admitted. Why not? This could also be for me! I want to prove to myself that even if I’m not a native English woman, I can put myself in a position where the natives are in – level myself to them, so to speak. I started writing in English in grade school. Even if my phrasing is bad, and most of my sentences consist of grammatical errors, I never forwent my desire to write. To strike a balance, though, I also write in my native language which is place native language here. I kept a diary and wrote a number of poems both in English and in place native language here. Back then, I remember I had troubles with my subject-verb agreement. I weren’t able to differentiate phrases from sentences, nouns and verbs, the past and present tenses and all that jazz. And as to speaking, I seemed to suck at pronunciation; I used to pronounce mad, mud and mod in the same way! But as I said, that was before. I am now pretty complacent of my English skills, more importantly in writing. I considered challenge every single encounter I had with a native English speaker. I tried to talk back with all confidence; and true indeed, each experience 0effected to an improvement in my skills. I am positive about satisfying the UWSR by taking the Writing Skills Test (WST) which will demonstrate my critical thinking and good analysis. I answered a few English-written essays before, analyzed a few texts and answered tough personal questions from previous mentors. These have greatly helped me in enhancing whatever level of English I possess. With these all together, I am confident to take the WST. Young optimist I am, I believe that language should never ever curtail a child’s longing to be educated in a good school. Education for me is something to be literally fought for – something a child, no matter how financially constrained, should not fail to have. Everyone is entitled to it. I AM ENTITLED TO IT. Source: Writing Skills Test. California State University-East Bay. Retrieved 06 March 2008 at http://www. testing. csueastbay. edu/uwsr/wst/wsthome. php

Visiting Lake Manyara, Tanzania: History and wildlife

Visiting Lake Manyara, Tanzania: History and wildlife Introduction Lake Manyara is a sparkling body of water that glitters in its glory. And indeed, Lake Manyara National Park has often been described as a gem amongst the Tanzania’s northern tourism circuit. The Park forms a vital part of the larger Tarangire – ecosystem and serves as a dry season refuge for migratory animals. The park is safely nestled between the lake on the eastern side and the Gregory Rift Escarpment on the West, offering dramatic scenery that change with the seasons. During the rainy season the lake fills up and the surroundings become lush and green. During the dry season the lake partly dries up leaving a broad rim of bright white salt residue, making equally beautiful scenery. The park includes a unique forest that is fed by underground streams, rivers and springs. The forest is located on the South – Western part of the park in Mbulu plateaus. It is an important evergreen catchment forest, a source of important permanent rivers of which some of them pou r their water in Lake Manyara thus bringing life to the park and the surrounding areas. The Park is home to the rare blue monkey and numerous bird species. It is quite simply, a MUST DO for bird-lovers and keen wildlife photographers. History The name Manyara is derived from the maasai word â€Å"emanyara† referring to the Finger Euphorbia plant (Euphorbia tirucalli) meaning a plant which is a succulent. The park was first declared as a Game Reserve in 1957 mainly to protect its rhino and elephant populations. Sadly, rhino does not exist anymore because of poaching. In 1960 it was officially declared a National Park covering only 100km2. It was later on extended to the southern part towards Magara River. Between 1972 and 1990, two farm units were acquired and added to the park thus bringing its size to 330km2. Currently the park is 648.7km2 in size following the annexation of the Marang’ Forest Reserve in 2009. Dry land is 428 km2 and 220km2 is the lake- the wetland area. At its full size the lake covers about 470km2. Location Lake Manyara National Park lies between 3020’S, 35050’E and 3049’S, 35044’E as well as 3035’S, 35053’E and 3033’S, 35032’E (South) and between E3533 and E3532 (East).Park is located approximately 111.5km (from clock tower to the main gate) south- west of Arusha city. The park has two gates; one is Iyambi in the southern part of the park connecting it with Tarangire, and the other is the main gate which is close to Mto wa Mbu town. Mto wa Mbu is a small densely populated busy town which is multi ethnic with different cultural values of interest for tourists while on their way to Manyara, Ngorongoro and Serengeti. The town is the continuation of the main road to Ngorongoro and the Serengeti. Elevation The altitude varies from 960m above the sea level at the edge of the lake to 1,600m above the sea level along the valley walls of the Gregory Rift. Rainfall Like other areas in Northern Tanzania, annual rainfall pattern consists of short rains between October and December, followed by a dry season in January and thereafter long rains from February to June with the highest rainfall in April. However, Manyara has an erratic and unreliable rainfall patterns, ranging from 250mm to 1600mm per annum. Lake Manyara is highly alkaline and shallow, without any outgoing rivers. Even in rainiest months the depth doesn’t reach more than 1.5m, almost dropping to zero in the dry season. The reason why the ground water forest can survive years of extreme drought is because of springs that emerge at the escarpment base. Temperature Temperature in Lake Manyara is fairly mild, being at its highest from December to February with a mean maximum of 340C. Temperatures are lower from June to July with a minimum of 110C. It can become a bit cold when it rains. Humidity Humidity in lake ranges from 45% to 85% Attractions Attractions of Lake Manyara National Park include a unique ground water forest that is fed by underground streams and the Great Rift Valley Escarpment. The park also lesser and greater pinkish flamingos, hot water springs, wild animals like rare blue monkey, buffalo, wildebeest, zebra, giraffe, elephant, lion, baboon, leopard, antelope, cheetah, dik-dik and many more. The park is endowed with about 400 species of birds and varieties of insects. On inland of the floodplain there is a narrow belt of acacia woodland. The park is favored by the legendary tree-climbing lions and impressively tusked elephants. Pairs of klipspringer are often seen silhouetted on the rocks above a field of searing hot springs that steams and bubbles adjacent to the lakeshore in the far south of the park. Tourism Activities Visitors can engage themselves in the following activities: Day Game Drive Night Game Drive Canoeing when the water level is sufficiently high Wilderness walking safaris Bird watching ( November-June) Bush meal Cultural tour or cultural program at Mto wa Mbu village ( outside the park) Accessibility By air Fly to Lake Manyara Airstrip, which is at the top of the escarpment. Your ground operator will pick you at the airstrip and drive to the park main gate which is about 3km. It is possible to arrange connection flights to the other game parks from there. If your time is limited, this is the ideal option. By road Lake Manyara National Park lies on the main road to and from Ngorongoro. The park may be accessed on way from Arusha, Ngorongoro or Babati. From Arusha, drive West on the main Dodoma road for 84km until you get to Makuyuni village and if you are from Babati drive Makuyuni as well. From here turn right [west] drive on the main road leading to Ngorongoro gate for 26.5km until you get to the town of Mto -wa- mbu. About 1km from the village centre you will see a well marked park entrance gate on your left. The four wheel vehicle is feasible for park game drive. Shopping Mto wa Mbu town is a good place to buy various souvenirs. Also there are various small restaurants which offer typical Tanzanian food and beverages. It is important to fill up your vehicle at one of the filling stations at Mto wa Mbu as there are no fuel stations in the park. Accommodation-Inside the park The park has facilities for accommodation which include public tourist houses (bandas), and campsites ideal for budget visitors (prior booking is required). However there is one luxury tree lodge and one tented camp which are privately owned. Accommodation-Outside the park Luxury tented camps and lodges are available on the rift wall overlooking the Lake. In addition, guest houses and campsites are available in the nearby Mto wa Mbu town. Best time The park can be visited all-year round, however the dry season (July- October) is good for watching large mammals. On the other hand, the wet season (November-June) is good for bird watching and canoeing. Bird life is outstanding all year round; however it is probably better from September to April when migratory birds arrive. Park rules and regulations Game drive is allowed between 0600h and 1800h. Conservation fee to be paid at the entrance gates. Fees are for 24hrs single entry. Foreign visitors pay in foreign currency (USD) Payment is made through credit or debit cards( Visa card, Master card TANAPA cards-Exim CRDB banks) Camping is only allowed at authorized sites Speed Limit is 50kph (30mph) on all roads Off road driving is strictly prohibited Harassment of animals is strictly prohibited Loud music and noise are not permitted Littering is strictly prohibited. Getting out of your vehicle is not allowed except at designated picnic sites, view points and campsites It is strictly prohibited to introduce or remove any natural objects, plants or archeological artifacts. Domestic pets are strictly not allowed. Fires are only allowed at designated camping sites â€Å"Put fire out after use†. You enter the park at your own risk. Park management will not be held responsible for loss of property, life or damage of the same under any circumstances. Weapons, traps, poison and items of similar nature are strictly not allowed into the park. All accidents must be reported immediately to park officials. Adhere to instructions from park officials. Park contacts: Email address- [emailprotected] Hotlines. +255 689062294, +255 767536137

Compare Windows And Linux Operating Systems Computer Science Essay

Compare Windows And Linux Operating Systems Computer Science Essay An Operating system is software that lets the user interface with the computer and also manages number of applications. Most number of PCs has built in Operating system installed. Operating systems created to take control of the operations of applications such as email programs, word processors and web browsers. Straight after the computer is switched on the operating system needs to be loaded into the RAM before any other program can be run. Operating system is automatically loaded into RAM as soon as the PC turns on which is done by the boot strap loader which is stored in the PCs ROM chip. All the Operating systems perform basic functions such as: Managing resources These applications coordinate all of the PCs resources which include keyboard, printer, monitor, mouse, storage devices and memory. Operating system manages to perform a file structure on the computers hard drive where the data can be saved or retrieved. When a particular data is saved, the Operating system saves the data and attaches a name to the data and remembers where the data was saved for any future use. File system is the way the Operating systems organizes the information into files. Almost all the Operating systems use hierarchical file system which organizes the files into folders under a tree structure which makes it easy for the user to get the data. Providing a user interface -.Users interact with programs and hardware trough user interface. Most of the Operating systems provide the GUI which is graphic user interface where graphic objects or icons are used to represent commonly used features. Running applications -These are the programs which load and run applications such as spread sheets and word processors. Almost all the operating systems support multitasking where more than one application can be run at the same time. When a user is requesting the application to be open the operating system locates the program and loads it into the RAM. If more programs are loaded the operating system must allocate the computer resources. Support for built in utility programs -The operating system uses the utility program to identify problems, repair damaged files, locate lost files and back up data. This makes the easy for the user as the operating system does the hard work by solving the problem where the user just has to wait for the result. Control to the computer hardware -The operating system is in the middle of the programs and the BIOS. Bios controls the hardware, but all programs that need hardware resources has to go through the operating system. Operating system can access the hardware through BIOS. Task 2 B M1 Report that compares the features and functions of two different operating systems by reviewing the features and functions and present a comparison of the two summarising their respective strengths and weaknesses in context. I am going to compare windows and Linux operating systems. Introduction Windows -It is an operating system software and GUI produced by Microsoft. Microsoft released their first windows operating system in 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing popularity of the graphical user interfaces. Windows dominated the Personal computers around the world when it came out in the market which overtook MacOS which was launched in 1984. By October 2009 windows had roughly 91% of the market share of the client operating systems for the use on the internet. The latest release client version of windows is windows 7, the latest release server version is Server 2008R2 and the latest release of mobile operating system is windows phone 7. Linux Linux refers to the family of Unix-like PC Operating system using Linux kernel. Linux can be installed in number of different computers and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers. Linux is the top server operating system, accounting for more than 50% of installations and runs on the fastest top 10 supercomputers in the world. Using Linux in desktops has increased in recent years. The name Linux comes from Linux kernel, created in 1991 by Linux Trovalds. Comparison of the two operating systems Out of these two operating systems windows is the most famous OS, whereas Linux is the most famous OS that is free. The two OS compete against each other for user-base in the PC market as well as the server market, which are also used in schools, business offices, intranet and internet servers, homes, government offices, supercomputers, and embedded systems. Windows are top in the personal computer and desktop markets with approximately 90% of the desktop market share, and accounted for about 66% of all servers sold in the year 2007. In the server market share windows received 36.3% and Linux received 12.7%. By November 2007, Linux OS powered 85% of the worlds powerful supercomputers where compared to windows 1.4%. Linux and windows are different in the cost, versatility and stability with each looking to get better in their superficial weak areas. Normally, some major areas of superficial weakness usually cited have included the poor out-of-box usability of the Linux desktop for the mass-market and vulnerability to malware windows. Both are areas of fast development in both sides. Linux is not a complete operating system when you compare it to Windows operating environment. Linux doesnt have built-in GUI interface. Users are free to use the former windows graphic user interface with Linux where each provides a different look and feel. Functions Windows offers much easier user interface called graphic interface unlike Linux, where it only has one GUI for users to choose from. These facts in some cases could make the using of the OS much easier as the user can choose what they are comfortable with. One of the advantages of Linux is that it comes from multiple choices of GUIs so that it can help provide an easy starting ground for either windows or Mac users. Both windows and Linux allow hardware to successfully communicate with the software in similar way. But however the Linux has some compatibility problems which can cause trouble when trying to install hardware drivers. Whereas the being one of the top OS in the world are finding that hardware drivers is a push over. Security Windows are more infective to a virus then Linux as windows is the most attacked OS in the world. And most the viruses arent even compatible with Linux hence making Linux inherently safer. Performance The performance reduces massively in windows simply because windows takes to much power unlike Linux which doesnt use much power to work, which means that there is much more power available to be used for the user of Linux which makes the performance faster. Stability Because of the work all around the world by the millions of users of Linux which have full and free access to the source code where they are trying to make Linux more stable unlike the few 100,000 windows techs with a licence to modify the windows source code. Also the fact that the Linux OS has more consistent fileling system and Linux also dont use much processor power to run which automatically makes the Linux OS a more stable OS. Cost You have to pay for all the Windows operating systems unlike the Linux operating systems which are free and full access. You can also download the Linux software for free unlike the windows operating system where you have to pay. Usability -Windows operating systems are one of the easiest operating system to use because of the lack of things you can do with it along with legal problems. Windows is also more spread operating system then Linux so it has the better hand when it comes to personal computing. Linux is also easy but the users arent confident enough so are not willing to use the free Linux OS. Conclusion- After researching about these two operating systems along with the points that i have made I believe that Linux is the better operating system then windows with better benefit, However as far as the hardware is concerned windows doesnt have the skill to work on the Power PC processors, unlike Linux. Linux would be one of the growing operating systems in the world which would be the main rivals of windows in the future. Here is a Comparison table Linux Windows Price Most of the Linux operating systems are free and lower costing then windows. Windows operating systems can be bought around the price of $50 to $150 per each licence copy. Ease Linux has massively improved in their usability but windows are much easier for new computer users. Microsoft have made lots of changes and have made it much more easier to use the operating system, but it still might not be the easiest software to use but is definitely easier than Linux. Reliability Most of the Linux systems are Especially reliable and can run for moths and years without having to reboot it. Windows has made some fabulous improvements to their Reliability in their last versions of windows but its still not better than Linux. Software Linux does have number of software, utilities and games available but it cant compare to the large amount of software windows has. Because there are more people using windows around the world there are more software, utilities and games available in windows. Software Cost Many of the software, utilities and games are freeware or open source. Most of them are free and some of them cost really less then compared to windows. Windows also has software, utilities and games for free but majority of the programs will cost around $20 to $200. Hardware Linux and hardware manufactures have made great improvements for Linux and will support most hardware devices, whoever there are many different companies that still do not offer drivers for their hardware. Windows has much more support from the hardware manufactures for windows hardware devices because of the large amount of windows users. Security Linux always has been safe and secure but it can also be attacked but when you compare it to windows Linux is much safer. Although windows has made vast improvements to their security but still continues to be venerable to the viruses. Support Linux has large amounts of help online or books around the world to help any user. Same with windows also has large amount of help to their users with books, documentation guides help centre etc. http://www.techquark.com/2009/02/compasion-linux-vs-windows.html Name Linux Windows Creator Linus Torvalds, et al. Microsoft First public release 1992 1993 Predecessor Unix[g 2], Minix [g 3 MS-DOS, OS/2, Windows 3.x Latest stable version Linux kernel 2.6.35.2; GNU C Library 2.11 Windows 7 (NT 6.1.7600) Latest release date 2010 2009 Cost/ Availability Free Home Basic (Retail) $99.95, Home Premium (Retail) $119.95, Business (Retail) $299.95, Ultimate (Retail) $300.95[1] Preferred licence GNU GPL, GNU LGPL and other licenses Proprietary Target system type Comparison of Linux distributions Workstation, Personal computer, Media center, Tablet PC, Embedded system Computer architectures supported x86, x86-64, PPC, SPARC, Alpha, others x86, x86-64, IA-64 File systems supported ext2, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, and others NTFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-party drivers support ext2, ext3, reiserfs[t 8], and HFS Kernel type Monolithic with modules Hybrid Source lines of code ~ 9 million (Kernel) lines of code for userland applications vary depending on the distribution ~45 million GUI default is on No Yes Package management MSI, custom installers Update management Windows Update Native APIs POSIX Win32, NT API Non-native APIs supported through subsystems UNIX, Mono, Java, Win16, Win32 DOS API, Win16 (only in 32-bit versions), POSIX, .NET

War on Drugs Causes the Viloation of Individual Rights Essays -- Expos

Everyone knows the parable of the emperor with no clothes. The significance of a child being the one to point out the emperor's nudity, as opposed to a sermonizing preacher or self-righteous intellectual, is simple to understand. Neither morality nor logic was responsible for stripping the emperor's veil of falsehood. All it took was the truth. One can't help but think of this when considering Gary Johnson, the Republican governor of New Mexico, who, despite pressure from power brokers at the top of his own party, has proclaimed that the emperor that is this country's war on drugs is not only naked to the world, but that its body is festering with the sores of moral decay and corruption. In the governor's own words, "The drug problem is getting worse. It's not getting better ... It needs to get talked about, and one of the things that's going to get talked about is decriminalization." He continues: "What I'm trying to do here is launch discussion ... I think it is the number one problem facing this country today... We really need to put all options on the table" (Albuquerque Journal, June 24, 1999). Not wishing to make a statement without providing viable ideas to support it, Johnson said that changing laws regarding the possession of marijuana would be a logical "first step" since pot is "probably the least dangerous of the identified narcotic drugs that we have" (Albuquerque Journal, July 1, 1999 and Hobbs News-Sun, July 2, 1999). Johnson is not simply grandstanding, as the facts of the situation point out clearly. Despite massive expenditures, the simple fact is that the war on drugs is a total failure. There is more, not less, drug-related violent crime in the United States today than 30 years ago. Far from pro... ...guaranteed by the Constitution. Undeniably, it is a violation of the basic principles of human dignity used to formulate the Constitution. Irrefutably, it provides an almost irresistible temptation for police abuse. And this is one of the mildest forms of enforcement in the hands of the drug warriors. In light of such bleak evidence, it is clear that the drug war has created no winners, but an abundance of losers. The biggest losers are the American citizens, who have seen their cherished rights discarded and continue to suffer decaying schools, nonexistent or inadequate health care, and crumbling infrastructure in poor and rural areas. And still, billions of dollars are poured into a campaign that is nothing more than a ponderous artifact with no place in a free society. The drug war failed a long time ago, and it's time to let it die. That is the naked truth.

Manipulation of Youth by Dictators :: essays papers

Manipulation of Youth by Dictators Influencing people at a young age is one tactic used by Hitler in Nazi Germany and by Big Brother in 1984 to keep the future of their nations devoted. This tactic is made evident in Nazi Germany and in 1984 by the youth organizations set up by both dictators’. These organizations make their youth feel like they are involved. Both Hitler and Big Brother have ways to brainwash the youth into following. The Spies in 1984 and the Hitler Youth in Nazi Germany grow up living the way that their dictator had set up and for the rest of their lives they will be faithful and devoted; it’s the only way that they know. These tactics are especially cruel because the youth have no way of knowing what’s going to happen, it just seems like the right thing to do at the time. The reason Hitler and Big Brother’s manipulation of the youth is so intriguing is because it is purely elementary. From the time that children are born they look up to older kids so it’s not surprising when the youth of a nation looked to their elders to gain direction. In Nazi Germany Hitler was emerging as the dominant figure so naturally the youth looked up and wanted to be a part of his organizations. The Hitler Youth was a well-run organization built on discipline and loyalty. After the children were enrolled in the Hitler Youth, members were given a uniform, which may have been their first. Immediately they respond with a feeling of importance; they are now associated with Hitler and the Nazi Party, the most influential group in all of Germany. â€Å"They were children, thirteen and fourteen years old, tiny undernourished boys who remembered no other government than his and who still trusted and believed.† As the group grew larger, it became more prestigious and powerful. The same is true for the Spies in 1984. These children’s whole lives are directed towards remaini ng loyal to Big Brother. Their elders worship him and the children follow. As soon as they put on the blue shorts, grey shirt and red hanker chief of the Spies it gives them a feeling of importance in the society they are living in; this is similar to Nazi Germany. At the time, the children think they are doing the right thing, but eventually they will be so brainwashed by Big Brother that they will no longer be able to think for themselves, whether his decisions are positive or negative will no longer matter.

Midsummers night dream summary

Dream, each of the cross-dressing characters does so as the result of conscious decision (as opposed to magical influence) and in order to attain a goal. While there are certainly a number of disguises in â€Å"A Midsummer Night's Dream† there are different motivations for characters wearing them. For Viola, her reasons for dressing as a young man are clear since she wants to be able to make a living in the new land she has found herself inhabiting.Although it may be a bit farcical because she may have Just as easily found employment without resorting o such extreme measures, she nonetheless is resolute in her decision to seek out Rosin. At the moment of her decision she boldly states, Viola fresh off the ship: â€Å"Conceal me what I am, and be my aid / For such disguise as haply shall become / the form of my intent† (1. â€Å". 49-51). It is important to note that she directly refers to her disguise as being related to intent and this intentional disguise is a theme that continues throughout â€Å"Twelfth Night† by William Shakespeare.Viola's choice of dressing as a young man, however, obviously complicates her pursuit f Rosin and although this is finally resolved at the end of â€Å"Twelfth Night†, her appearance actually dictates the reality of her love life. There Is a sense of hopelessness in the battle between what one sees and what Is truth and It Is best summed at the climax of this Identity conflict when Viola, realizing that Olivia loves her/him, says, â€Å"Poor lady, she were better love a dream† (11. 11. 24).In some senses, this play is, much like â€Å"A Midsummer Night's Dream†, a dreamboats where nothing Is hat It seems to be, the only difference being the use or exclusion of magical influence. â€Å"Twelfth Night† Is a play In which reality does not often correspond to appearances and thus It Is easy for the reader to begin to accept character's decisions to take on disguises and for Mallow to become enamored with the Idea (the appearance) of the love's existence rather than Its reality.Ad Optimized by Dupes Disguise and deceit are also prevalent In â€Å"A Midsummer Night's Dream† , and although the methods and actors are different, these elements yield the same final exult as seen In Twelfth Night. In each case the mix-up of appearances versus reality Is resolved a there Is happiness and a wedding at the end. In this case, there are no direct choices of disguises, but one Is chosen (different because the characters do not choose to be disguised with a certain set of expected outcomes).Puck magically transforms the head of Bottom Into the likeness of an ass, which Is a disguise (and a frightening one) to everyone who meets him In his transformed state except for the one woman In love with him. While magic Is Involved with this deluges rather than a conscious decision on the behalf of a character, this Is one of the more Illustrative examples to demonstrate how Sha kespeare uses the device of the deluges to reveal a higher truth (outside of the less complex and more short-term alms driving the disguise In the first place). Midsummer night dream summary By grease form of my intent† (l. I. 49-51). It is important to note that she directly refers to her appearance actually dictates the reality of her love life. There is a sense of hopelessness in the battle between what one sees and what is truth and it is best summed at the climax of this identity conflict when Viola, realizing that Olivia loves her/him, says, â€Å"Poor lady, she were better love a dream† (al. Ii. 24). In some senses, this play is, much like â€Å"A Midsummer Night's Dream†, a dreamboats where nothing is what it seems to be, the only difference being the use or exclusion of magical influence. Twelfth Night† is a play in which reality does not often correspond to appearances and thus it is easy for the reader to begin to accept character's decisions to take on disguises and for Million to become enamored with the idea (the appearance) of the love's existence rather than its reality. Disguise and deceit are also prevalent in â€Å"A Midsummer Night's Dream† , and result as seen in Twelfth Night. In each case the mix-up of appearances versus reality is resolved a there is happiness and a wedding at the end.In this case, there are no direct choices of disguises, but one is chosen (different because the characters do ransoms the head of Bottom into the likeness of an ass, which is a disguise (and a frightening one) to everyone who meets him in his transformed state except for the one woman in love with him. While magic is involved with this disguise rather than a conscious decision on the behalf of a character, this is one of the more illustrative examples to demonstrate how Shakespeare uses the device of the disguise to reveal a higher truth (outside of the less complex and more short-term aims driving the disguise in the firs t place).

Goodbye To All That Essay

In the autobiography, Robert sculpture utter how his brio has been setd by the two sides of his family. He had a very strong engender to succeed and possessed capital intelligence, which basing on his statement, were his fathers greatest influence in him. Good thing that Robert scrubs defy decided to write a novel of his account in France, because if he did non, in that respect entrust be no compilation of stories that contend-related story readers for begin be spending epoch with. On reaching In FranceThis chapter is a detailed relation closely the intensity felt by the public during the First World War. He de sort outd a clear depiction of what took practice during the war, and gave a narrative visualization of the images universal in a war regularise and the feelings that haunted the peck including the threats of explosions and the tending of shoe authorisers last which were rampant during the period. As a poet, he createed hard to en able-bodied himself in providing a clear depiction of the war stories, however, his cleverness is besides limited to what he had seen and nethergo. b whole a journalist is an entirely un identical vocation from a poet, however, Grave be the mutual intention and passion of two profession. In this light, I would make a comparative analysis mingled with the work of Robert sculpt and Joseph Lee G onlyo government agency, an American paper columnist, who was the only civilian present in the Vietnam War. Both of the two writers had proven their resolution as civilians spirit amidst the war.The bread and preciselyter of Gall(a)o federal agency, as depicted in the movie We Were passs was a clear narration of the entire war scene, the feelings that were involved as he experienced violence in the middle of the war. On the other hand, Graves autobiography successfully touched his readers minds in his poetic way of stressing out the value of manners, especially when under grave threats against d eportment during the war era. His braveness was most tested at generation when he had to stick to his decision that he ought to pursue his passion and continue fulfilling his profession even if it meant as sound outing his own life in the middle of the war.Though he wasnt literally rubbish, he acted as a soldier in such a way that he was fighting for his life fair(a) to enable himself in providing the multitude with the most risk of infectionous pieces of information and important lessons that were taught during war experiences. Also in this chapter, he showed a distinct psychological expertness of a poet in minutely sight the natural tendency of the soldiers to act calmly while their insides were rattling at the start of the war. He justifiably severalised the real feelings of the soldiers as they faced the risk of exposures implicated during the war.They neer interpret out of tune was an emotional feeler to a readers feeling (Graves, Robert, Goodbye to All Th at). After Grave said that the soldiers were a bit f right(a) or nervous at the moment, they never sang out of tune. He insist the justifiable manner at which the soldiers courage were supposed to be appreciated. He magnify the idea that though these soldiers were indeed cowardly and trembling at the threat of dying, and the yap future of their families at the pain of losing, be quiet these soldiers didnt back off at the brink of peril.Instead, they continued fighting only the fears, pain and danger that were accustomed to their jobs. Guns in the Distance The affair theater was a unadulterated case of survival of the fittest. All around, soldiers were expeditious for the battle and all of them kept throttle of their only partners during the war guns, ammunitions, bombs, grenades and other corrosive weapons that were used by both sides. As the mere sound of explosions caused the soldiers to feel the danger and seek for refuge, they had learned all the simulated array operation to preserve their lives.Consequently though, they were able to translate the fear into something that was fun, and something that calmed them down rather than create even more(prenominal)(prenominal) threats and disturbance in them. The Trench Danger was everywhere and the trespass was their only refuge. It served as their only protective cover against all the atrocities and dangers from the enemies. However, the tranquility they felt in the adjust wasnt enough to stay on them from all the dangers of the war. Death was a battlefront though least welcomed, most predominate in the war zone. And neither the comfort provided by chuckes was enough to secure the soldiers from dying.The impinge gives a soldier a materialise to live longer, but he essential(prenominal) suffer the consequences of world with it. He has to be strong enough to soak his feet to the miserly and slippery trench. He has to be accusationful of the holes right and left(a), to the low a nd high wires of the field telephones and to the deep areas in the trench. He must be alert, cautious and apprehensive of all the bullets coming from everywhere, because bullets does not choose who to kill. It does not know who it wants to land on, to whose body or head or face. It just blows inside you and stops you from thinking, and feeling, and breathing.Moreover, the life in trench though provided a home for the soldier, was the least safe and comfortable amongst all the buttockss disrupt by war. It would not keep them onward from bullets, shells and other explosives that endangers human life. And though at that place were aggravations inwardly the trench that had seemed to devoid the place of its tranquility, the trench was a place to traverse even though it danger itself is inculcated within its borders. Battalion Headquarters There lies a great difference between the mob headquarters and the trench.Wherein trench did not provide them enough protection and shelter f rom bullets and explosions, match with the discomfort within the area the hoi polloi headquarter was a comfortable place wherein the expose of the war was less visible and felt. However, ordinary bicycle soldiers did not experience comfort and luxuries that the place could offer. Rather, high ranking multitude officials were the ones who enjoyed the opulence of such place. It was a clear irony. The soldiers who were fighting face to face against death lived with fear, debilitation and serenitylessness.They lived through the war with a grim condition poor shelter, less m to feed themselves, and even lesser metre to allow their bodies and minds to nap. And the foods they eat were not nicely cooked. Soldiers lived with all the discomfort, difficulties, inconvenience and troubles. While on the other hand, those high ranked military officials who are not facing the dangers of the afford war enjoyed all the luxury and favors that they could help of. They are not suffering t he fear of dying because they were sheltered safe from all the atrocities of the war.The irony lies in the mere position that those who are risking their lives and facing bullets and bombs most of the lives suffered from discomfort and danger while there were those military officials who did not fight amidst the battle were the ones enjoying the favors that life could offer them. There is also an present thought near how soldiers in the battle and the soldiers out in the battle behaves in front of the officers. When Graves narrated the time when they have passed through the classify of men in the battalion headquarters, he is sure that the conclave were aware that they were officials, but they did not make any information.In the trenches, soldiers know how to find them. They even call Graves Sir, and gives recognition to the officers. They are well-disciplined, and yet, they are those in the danger zone. Did the war zone discipline them? If it did, accordingly maybe it is be tter to put this group of soldiers in the battle field to reclaim a disciplined attitude. How was that? The altogether Survivors Only the survivors of the battle were the ones who gained honors and established good reputations for themselves because they had the capacity of passing their stories onto other people.They were able to narrate how they have lived their lives during the onset of the war. However, people had bury those who heroically died during the battle. Commemoration of the soldiers who died in the orbit had been less probable because during this time, only those who god became the kernel of attention amongst the civilians. And the tasks of remembering the courageous acts of those who did not survive were only left amongst the families of the non survivors.The politesse of these people had become a mere representation of a distinct part of the history, rather than heroism remembered and commemorated. Then how to survive in the battle anyway? When in the trenches , it is cold, no good foods, no tranquillity, no peace of mind how are they about to survive in that kind of living? Does the survival of the fittest also mean live from cold, bacterias and viruses? We all know soldiers do not mind how off the beaten track(predicate) they could be shitty or gross, because all they have in mind is to stop the enemy from fighting and to battle against them.It is not part of their accusation to have a sensitive live when they joined the military. If they need to eat the soil, they will, in order to survive in the battle. half(a) of the soldiers were lost because of coldness. They suffer severe rheumatism, or being frost-bitten. But those sufferings will not be acknowledged when they died. Only those who survived will get the great reputations. Only the fittest has the right to be accustomed. Those who died will just be part of the history. How sad Our Timetable Two hours? Is that a sleep or just a nap?.In this chapter, Graves illustrated the fe alty those soldiers had for the sake of their duties. Their lives at the middle of the battlefield was spent with rifles, grenades, bullets, bombs and other ammunitions with little time left for eating, sleep and rest. They have to work all day and night, with only two hours of sleep. Yes, they still have two hours to rest their minds and bodies, but do we think they could sincerely rest in that situation? No, because they should be always alert in anything to buy the farm because their lives are always at the risk and danger.In addition, the scarce time left for them to rest was spent in more desolation and increased vigilance that rendered them the incapableness of spending that scarce amount of time for the rest needed by their body. Thus, rest became an abstract concept for them. For resting shall render them complacency that might induce more danger for their lives and the cause that they were fighting for. They could not rest for once, for there is a tendency that they wil l never wake forever. A Soldiers Death This chapter was highlighted by Graves anecdotes on the deaths of particular soldiers.The deaths by these soldiers were far worse than the deaths in the middle of the war. These deaths were more tragic. Soldiers decided to end their agony by suicide. The whole depiction of the battle was more engrossed in the mere feature that most of the soldiers faltered and lost their hopes. And it was more amazing that these incidents were not properly documented and reported. army officials didnt have much of the courage to honestly admit that the emotional burdens caused by the war was far worse than the corporal exhaustion that it imposed amongst the soldiers.Thus they make false accounts and fake letters and reports that were effrontery to the families of the soldiers who committed suicide. How many a(prenominal) soldiers have those kinds of stories? We do not know. We can not guess. butcher the Lice The life of the lice is comparable the life o f the soldiers. erect as invaluable and ambiguous. Which was better to kill, the child homogeneous ones or the old ones? Just interchangeable them, soldiers were killing soldiers of the enemy. But they did not care who they had killed, young or old. What only matters was that they were able to defend their cause. Killing has been their lives.Humans are like lice, living in the world, from fork out to death. It matters not who shall die first, the same way that a longer life was only out of sheer luck. For normal people who does not understand the lifestyle of the soldiers, life is not compared with lices life. Being a human is far different from being lice. But for a soldier who lives like lice, there is a great similarity. Seems like there is nothing different between them. Live today, die tomorrow with any cause, nice or worst. In the life of a soldier, their life is ambiguous. Just like lices Gas, Sir, Gas It was such a sudden false alarm.For the lower ranked soldiers, every sign of enemys attack meant danger, and they were supposed to do something about it. But on the part of the high-profiled officers, everything was just earthy scenario. The gas alarm was not a thing to apprehend the officers, because they knew how to essay the situation. Their knowledge and experiences in every battle taught them how to react on such situations. For the common soldiers, it was panic but for the officers who could scent out the attack, there wasnt any reason to get alarmed because they were ready for it. Thus, I would say that Robert Graves is a very born(predicate) writer.His writings really made sense and I do not surmise why he had become a legendary figure in the world of literary. Goodbye To All That was a great success in touching the lives of his readers and generating a dramatic empathy towards anyones emotions. He wrote all his war anecdotes because he wanted to hinder and let go of all the lamentable experiences of the war. He discovered secrets, exp erienced many difficulties, he was a witness on many painful suffering and deaths. And as such, he wanted to forget these experiences, but he wanted to share everything that he was has learned through all these experiences.

Health Patterns: The Belanger Family Essay

Marjorie Gordon in 1987 recommended operable wellness patterns as a model for found a comprehensive nurse entropy base. The eleven groupings make possible a methodical and systemized approach to data collection, and drive on the nurse to establish the following characteristics of health and human function. A detailed judgement positions the ground unravel to call down health and eudaimonia within the family.Gordons eleven functional health designs include the following, values and beliefs, health lore and health management, nutrition and elimination, bodily process and bore, cognition and perception, stop and rest, self-perception and self-concept, roles and altogetheriances, sexuality and reproduction, make do and stress tolerance, values and belief. This document allow for depict the health patterns of the Belanger family by way of the specific family-focused unbeliefs to for from each one single of the groupings above (Koshar, 2013). The Belanger family is c omprised of Aaron the find is 28 years of age and Erin the amaze is 27 years of age.The equalise generate two sons Tanin, who is the first of 5 and Brent who is 2 months old. The pay back is a stay at theater mom and wife. The obtain is trustworthyly diligent for the Hurst Fire Department as go over engineer and paramedic where he has served the Hurst confederation for 3 years. The couple has been married for 5 years. Summary For Each Functional health flesh 1. Health Perception-Health Management innovation When the couple were asked of their overall health perception and health management they some(prenominal) hold they were very healthy. The family coulddistinguish a first health care physician and conveyed that each member has agreeed annual strong-arm exams. No one in the nuclear family admits to taking medications on a nonchalant basis. Family history revealed lupus on the starts lieu, and diabetes, coronary artery disease on the fathers side. Aaron, the father has suffered from ulcerative colitis at the age of 15 years old and was treated surgically by way of a number colectomy. He currently exhibits no complications or problems with the reconstruction and lives a normal fiber of demeanor.Both become and father reveal exercising and eating fresh fruits and vegetables to maintain their health. 2. Nutritional Metabolic type florists chrysanthemum reports on a typical twenty- iv hour period consuming large amounts of protein such as eggs, tuna, turkey sandwiches and chicken with vegetables. The family reveals that ms veer because of the fathers rouse work and the new baby at radix merely typically they eat 4 times a day. Both stupefy and father reveals they consume at least(prenominal) half their weight in ounces of pissing each day as recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine (Mack, 2013). 3. Elimination PatternEvaluation of the elimination patterns did non break out all changes in bowel movements or habits on the pay onwards side but father revealed elimination at least three to four prosperous bowel movements all day due to the reconstruction of his colon. No urinary difficulties noted. The father revealed that he follows up with a colorectal specialist as needful for any further problems. 4. Activity-Exercise Pattern The couple engages in physical activity three to four times a week. The father has opportunities to ontogenesis his activity as a stoker and participates in weight lifting and running with his coworkers. mamma is limited due to her 2 month old but expresses she performs yoga and walks daily with her children. mum also performs housework as a part of her physical activity. 5. Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern in that admire is no deficits in short or long term memory, vision is not bad(predicate) and no one wears glasses or hearing aids. The couple finds decision qualification together easy and while the mother expresses she is an auditory learner the fa ther discloses that he retains best visually. 6. Sleep Rest Pattern The eldest boy 5 goes to do at the same time every night.The father and mother follow afterwards the 5 year old goes to sleep. presently two parents take turns when the 2 month old bring ups during the night. The parents have broken patterns of sleep due to the baby and have two revealed that they are fatigued when they rise in the morning. Also the father is a fireman and has broken patterns of sleep due to his shift work. 7. Role-Relationship Pattern The couple revealed the strong relationship bond with their parents family even though the mothers extended is approximately 3 hours away.She has dis closed that she misses her extended family and drives at least once a month to visit. The couple does have close friends nearby but because of the limitations of having a baby at this time they are unable to go on getaways with their friends. They both call forthd they are not connected to any organized societal groups at this time. 8. Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern This specific open-end question finished as a closed ended question due to the personalised morals of the couple. I limited my watchword on this incident subject to respect their values and standards.Both the father and mother did convey that their sexuality was normal and healthy. From their panorama there were no changes or problems in their relations. 9. Pattern of Coping and Stress perimeter Both father and mother verbalized that money was a contributing component part to their large stressors in life. They both state that it is difficult for them to raise on family on one income. The father is particularly implicated and has recently written out a budget for necessary items that are needed in the household.The couple together has expressed that they reduce their stressors by communicating to one another and limiting their spending on only necessities. Communication is weighty to both of them as they rely on each others love and enduringness to progress through problems and issues that may arise. They both admit to drinking two wet beverages every night before they go to bed. 10. Pattern of Values and Beliefs When asking the family what particular religion of culture, they expressed their practice of Christianity. They ensue church on Sundays but do not participate in any other religious activities.Religion is important in their lives and the family takes comfort in suppliant when difficulties arise. Finally, when asked what their future plans hold they articulated that rearing their kids and living a peaceful life is what the family strives for. Nursing Diagnoses demonstrated by the Belanger family at a lower place the Health Perception- Health Management wellness Diagnoses and Activity-Exercise Pattern included Health-Seeking Behaviors and Readiness for intensify Self-Care Activities. These two findings were revealed by the eating and exercise habits of the couple.The risk diagnoses that were revealed due to drinking 2 alcoholic beverages every night were move sleep pattern and sleep deprivation. The current research published on intoxication Clinical and Experimental Research, displays that while a bedcap may get you to doze off youre more likely to awaken during the night and not feel rest the following morning( Azalavitz, 2013). In conclusion, Gordons convey offered a framework for estimation of the Belanger Family including all eleven patterns and a thorough assessment was completed along with two nursing diagnoses.Gordons influence was effective in providing a framework by which potential difference problems were identified in effort to promote health and wellbeing. References Azalavitz, M. (2013). Sleep it Off How alcohol Affects sleep Quality. Retrieved from http//healthland. time. com/2013/02/08/sleeping-it-off-how-alcohol-affects-sleep-quality/ Koshar, J. (2013). Womens Health & affection in the Expanded Family. Retrieved from http//www. sonoma . edu/users/k/koshar/n340/N345_Gordon_FHP. hypertext mark-up language Mack, G. W. (2013). Dehydration and Aging. Retrieved from http//www. acsm. org/docs/current-comments/dehydrationandaging. pdf