Huckleberry Finn ( Huck Finn ) :: Essays Papers

Huck Finn3 Characters found in Mark Twain’s novel, The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn are shown as being victims of the times through their ignorance to the possibility that all men are equal no matter what color skin one has. Pap, Huck’s father, is the most ignorant character within the book. He blatantly comes out and tells the reader his feeling of blacks, while a character such as Tom isn’t so obvious. Along with these two characters, the Royal Nonesuch and the Phelps’s friends display an ignorance of the times. Huck displays ignorance at its best, and shows that with a little love, it can easily be diminished. Throughout the book characters reveal their basis towards black people through the various situations. The most racist of the characters was Pap. He refused to believe that blacks and whites were equal. Pap walked around with a superior attitude because he was white, which was a common attitude of his time. While some characters, such as Huck, had sympathy towards blacks, Pap did not care for them at all. He thought it to be quite absurd that a free slave â€Å"had a gold watch and chain and a silver-headed cane† while Pap had nothing (24). He was disgusted with the fact that this free slave was allowed to vote and he said, â€Å"I’ll never vote ag’in as long as I live,† to stress how much he despised blacks (24). Pap believed the government to be corrupt because it couldn’t â€Å"sell a free nigger till he’s been in the state six months† (24). He even went on to tell the reader that the free slave was a â€Å"prowling, thieving, infernal, white-shirted nigger† only because he had a different color skin than Pap (24). He never had anything nice to say about blacks, and constantly looked down on them. Twain used Pap’s character. Tom’s ignorance was a lot more subtle than Pap’s. His ignorance was not shown until much later in the book when Huck tells Tom that he is going to â€Å"steal† Jim back. Huck was surprised when Tom said he was going to help Huck steal Jim because Huck thought that Tom would say, â€Å"it’s dirty, low-down business† (203). Huck, knowing that Tom â€Å"was respectable and well brung up; and had a character to lose,† could not figure out why Tom would help steal a slave (210).

Case Study: Contextual Factors

I did my pupil instruction of Biological Science at Airport High School, in West Columbia, South Carolina. Airport High School is within the Lexington District Two School Community. The territory has 17 schools and about 8,800 pupils. Two of the 17 schools are high schools. The territory is composed 57.8 % White, 33.5 % African American, 6.0 % Hispanic, and 2 % other. Two environmental contextual factors include socioeconomics and the community population. The socio-economic position of the community consists chiefly of a in-between to low category population. Due to the low socio-economic position, the school is provided with plans, such as free or decreased tiffins. The purpose of this plan is to enable a manner for pupil to acquire repasts, therefore run intoing the basic demand of hungriness. Meeting the demand of hungriness will enable the pupil to concentrate in category and larn the stuff. The community population has been turning over the old ages. Many new schools have been established to run into this demand. However, due to miss of financess to construct and staff a sufficient figure of schools to back up the community, each schools population has increased. The territory shows support for the educational demands of all pupils. The territory has developed a parenting and household service plan called STAR. STAR is an acronym for Get downing Together†¦Arriving Ready. The plan is an early acquisition plan for parents and their kids birth to five old ages old. It helps give a head start on kids larning for qualified households run intoing the demand standards. Some of the demands standards are based off of the household ‘s primary linguistic communication and household income degree. Staticss have indicated that pupils coming from lower income households or English as a 2nd linguistic communication have more trouble in schools. This plan will assist supply them with a get downing foundation. Lexington County is composed of 5 school territories. The territory I taught at happens to be the lowest socioeconomic territory and receives less funding than the other territories. This evidently affects the teaching- acquisition procedure as they have less instructors and less financess to buy needful points for the schoolrooms in the territory. This frequently leads to pupils sharing books or the territory non being able to buy computing machines or other stuffs. The school is geographically located near the province ‘s capital and less than a stat mi from the Columbia Metropolitan Airport. At times, planes will wing near to the roof of the school doing a break in the category room. The noise disrupts the pupils thought and causes schoolroom speaking. Both of these have a negative consequence on the acquisition procedure. The schools population is higher than norm. As stated above, the community has tried to react to a turning population by constructing new schools. Airport High School, the instructor to student ratio is approximately dual what the recommended ratio should be. This places a strain on schoolroom direction and finally affects the sum of single attending a instructor can give to a pupil. Classroom factors that can impact the instruction and acquisition procedure are physical characteristics of the schoolroom, handiness of engineering equipment and resources, extent of parental engagement, and the schoolroom topic. Due to a deficiency of instructors, schoolrooms have to be combined. Once they are combined the schoolroom may be at capacity for the figure of pupils. The suites can go cramped for infinite and desk being closer together to suit everyone in. Uniting categories may intend that college readying and awards category pupil may be in the same room. This has an consequence on the teaching-learning procedure as the instructor has to accommodate a manner of instruction and proving that will make both degrees. A 2nd schoolroom factor is the handiness of engineering equipment and resources. For a biological scientific discipline category a research lab is needed for the survey. I have found that the budget was deficient to supply each pupil equal equipment and resour ces to execute some of the needed labs. To suit this, the labs were completed in little group scenes or put up as a individual presentation. Many households I encountered had both parents working or the pupil may come from a individual parent place. Because of this, the parents may merely be slightly active in the pupil larning as they do non experience they have the clip to be involved. The schoolroom topic of biological science was a new construct to many pupils. It was presenting thoughts and nomenclature they had ne'er heard earlier. This slowed the teaching-learning procedure because many things had to be introduced a small at a clip and frequently repeated. Student contextual factors such as age, developmental degrees, civilization and particular demands affect the direction and appraisal of larning. In high schools the pupils are at an age where they feel and act as if they already know everything. Some may move disengaged or disinterested. There may be pupils with different developmental degrees in one category room. Some pupils may hold single acquisition programs and have to go forth the room to take a trial with a counsellor. A instructor could hold particular instruction pupils in the schoolroom that need alterations. Cultural beliefs may forbid a pupil from executing a dissection in a lab. All of these are factors that a instructor must believe about in the development of their programs and appraisals. Student ‘s accomplishment and anterior cognition can besides act upon how a instructor plans their acquisition ends, direction, and appraisal. Teachers are required foremost to garner information about the pupils ‘ anterior acquisition and link the content and accomplishments to the pupil ‘s conceptual model for larning. A instructor must retrieve all, or possible, contextual factors that are present in the school, territory, and community in which the work. By understanding and cognizing the contextual factors a instructor can break fix their schoolroom direction so that all pupils are larning.

The Difficulties of Being a Teenager Essay - 1217 Words

The Difficulties of Being a Teenager â€Å"Go on.† â€Å"Everybody’s doing it.† â€Å"It’s only one drink.† â€Å"You’re such a loser.† I didn’t know what to do. All these voices were repeating over and over in my head. I didn’t want to give into them because I knew what I was doing was wrong. I didn’t want everyone to think I was scared but what if my parents found out. Why was I here? Are these people really my friends if they are really doing this to me? These were the questions that I didn’t know the answers to. I knew in my heart it was wrong but I gave in. This is usually the typical outcome of a scene like this. It is called peer pressure. It can be seen in many different places. In this essay I am†¦show more content†¦If you are caught, you might be in real trouble. If you are found in possession of more than a small quantity, you risk more serious charges of dealing. Another factor that teenagers are faced with and usually try to avoid is crime. After some research I found that 90 per-cent of these involve breaking into buildings, theft of property or other vandalism. Most people get involved in crimes such as shoplifting, joyriding, vandalism or arson just for the thrill of getting away with it. Teenagers often steal things they don’t even want or need. Usually these crimes are committed without thought or planning, and repeated only occasionally for a period of a few months, until the excitement begins to wear off. For some teenagers shoplifting or stealing cars begins as a bit of fun but it can get out of hand and crime can become a habit. Teenage boys are at more risk of getting into trouble than girls, however the amount of ‘girl gangs ´ committing crimes is becoming more and more common. In 1957 girls accounted for only one crime in eleven. These days’ girls commit more than one in four of all crimes. Friends often encourage each other to go much further than anyone would a lone; when you are in a crowd, it is easier to get carried away. Breaking the law might be common amongst teenagers, but it is certainly not without risk. People get caught! If you do commitShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse Is An Issue That s Going On Every Day1037 Words   |  5 Pagescan become psychological. Child abuse includes different conditions. It can harm children and teenagers in different ways, including being abused sexually, physically abused, child neglect, emotional neglect and abuse, and failure to thrive. These conditions can effect a child or a teenager’s in different ways. It can interfere with the way the child turns out to be in the future. Children and teenagers are usually abused because the abuser, was abused as a child. In some cases, the abuser didn’tRead MoreTeenage Suicide1064 Words   |  5 Pagesin the United States. It is estimated that 5,000 of those suicides are committed by teenagers(SA\VE, 2). One major reason that the suicide rate among teenagers is so high, is that the teenage years are a period of commotion. New social roles are being learned, new relationships are being developed, bodily changes are occurring, and decisions about the future are being made during the teenage years. Teenagers tend to commit suicide after large changes, significant losses, or abuse has occurredRead MoreTeen Mothers Experiences1027 Words   |  5 Pagespeople think of pregnancy as being an exciting moment in life to experience the joy of parenthood. Parenthood is something that all committed married couples look forward to and hope for. This concept is usually thought of by adults that can manage to support a family and acquires a strong partnership with a lifetime companion. Commitment is one of the key concepts to successfully raising a child. However, this exciting news turns into a tragedy for an unexperienced teenager undergoing pregnancy. TeensRead MoreThe Article Why Teenagers Act Crazy By Richard Sayre Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe article â€Å"Why Teenagers Act Crazy, by Richard A. Friedman provides an extensive examination of the subject of anxiety in adolescents. Friedman’s article is written from the perspective of a doctor who has studied teenagers’ minds. (Friedman, 2014). The focus of this article is the way the a verage teenager’s mind works and thinks. For a very long time, there has been a mixture of questions concerning the teenage. In contrast to both children and adults, teenagers have a great degree of susceptibilityRead MoreEssay on Teen Depression1653 Words   |  7 PagesClinical depression is capable of ruining the future. In a few years, teenagers will be moving up in the world and beginning their lives as contributing members of society. 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The Giver, Equilibrium and Modern Day Society - 1178 Words

In our modern world, many would classify this current generation as disappointing and sometimes even, pathetic. We often categorize ourself as greed, trying to take more than we need. Many believe that our society is corrupted and can not be fixed although some sit back and just watch, much like, in both the book and the film. In The Giver, the elders gave an appearance of a perfect society with no violence, no problems and no pain but hid valuable information to many. They simply dismissed all of their wrong-doings for the better of their perfect world which in many cases is exactly like real life. In our modern day, we are not exactly openly given information about the world unless it is discovered by someone else. We are given†¦show more content†¦In the book, you are encouraged to feel but to not keep it bottled up, having a major rule as to not lie. You are told to share what you feel and simply dismiss right after which is definitely something that we are taught in the real world. But there are many things that you can do when experiencing emotion that can be considered wrong, especially expressing that emotion in an odd or wrong way. For example, over exaggerating negative emotions publicly would be considered uncultured and disrespectful in some aspects, which definitely happened in the film. In Equilibrium, you could not be caught having emotions or that would lead to strict disciplinary actions which very similar to real life where you can not really show how you feel in the way you want because if you were to do so in a â€Å"wrong† way , you would be judged in an instant. There are many things that are considered wrong in this world although it really depends on how the person was raised. People are heavily influenced by the people around them on what could be considered acceptable. 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Stereotyping Is Found Everywhere Essay - 950 Words

Stereotyping is found everywhere. People stereotype without knowing it; it is something we use to help us understand a group. The problem with stereotyping is that it’s a self-opinion about a group, not an individual. Stereotyping can happen to anyone, for me it was in high school. Being judged based on my skin color and the clothes I wore took a toll on my emotions. Discrimination is an umbrella term, other things like homophobia, prejudice, stereotyping, and bias, all fall under this umbrella. Due to the events that took place in my childhood, I am a strong advocate of racial equality. There is an illusion that stereotyping is okay. People believe this act is nothing short of normal. â€Å"Stereotypes are generalizations, or assumptions that people make about the characteristics of all members of a group, based on an image (often wrong) about what people in that group are like. If you assume you know what a person is like, and don t look at each person as an individual, you are likely to make errors in your estimates of a person s character.† – (Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado). This statement is true. Being placed in categories which didn’t fit me brought confusion, frustration and anger. Moving to a new school is always hard. I was leaving a Hispanic school for a White school. The differences between the two schools were immeasurable. The teachers at the Hispanic school didn’t stereotype students at all. The white school, however, was quick toShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Stereotyping In Schools1122 Words   |  5 Pages Stereotyping in High Schools Stereotyping is alive and well in today’s society. â€Å"Stereotyping is a form of prejudice that forms damaging images of an individual, by classifying him or her according to a particular characteristic that is found among the group of people that the individual is associated with†(Malika). 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Marketing Strategy of Ethiad Airways free essay sample

Etihad Airways, the national airline of the United Arab Emirates, has in just eight years established itself as the world’s leading airline. Set up by Royal Decree in July 2003, Etihad commenced commercial operations in November 2003 and became the fastest growing airline in the history of commercial aviation (Etihad, 2012). Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, is the airline’s hub. The airline seeks to reflect the best of Arabian hospitality – cultured, considerate, warm and generous – as well as enhance the prestige of Abu Dhabi as a centre of hospitality between East and West. However, nowadays it is very hard to maintain the business in such a competitive market in times of recovery from the recent recession. Therefore, it is crucial to understand that just providing a service is not enough. Firstly, this report overviews the external environment in which Etihad has to survive and compete, evaluating its main challenges and opportunities. Secondly, Etihad’s main marketing strategies will be identified and critically discussed. Thirdly, the extent to which adopted marketing strategies help to achieve and sustain the competitive advantage will be analysed. Finally, the conclusion will be drawn based on achieved knowledge and personal assumptions. 2. 0 External Environment Analysis For better understanding of the marketing strategy that Etihad uses, it is crucial to analyse the external environment in which the company operates. 2. 1 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis In order to examine the positioning strategy and forces of the external environment that may potentially affect the Etihad’s performance, it has been decided to adopt the classical Porter’s Five Forces model. By using this model, it is possible to judge the extent to which an external environment is able to shape the costs, the prices and the profits of the organisation (Porter, 1980). * Competitive rivalry in the industry high In terms of competitors, Etihad Airlines’ main competitors are the companies operating in Middle East, which are Emirates Airlines, Quatar Airways and Gulf Air. These airlines operate in a higher price and quality spectrum than, for example, Air Arabia and are being direct competitors for each other (McKechnie et al. , 2008). Rivalry between these companies is very intensive, as there are a small number of competitors on the market. * Bargaining power of customers low In order to have a significant amount of power in the industry, there should be a few customers who can dictate their rules to the organisations, as for example in some B2B cases. However, there are millions of customers, who are willing to fly to and from Middle East, where Etihad operates, therefore, customers have a very limited power. * Bargaining power of suppliers high For the airlines organisations the main suppliers are the aircraft manufacturers and the oil companies. In both cases there are a very few of them. Therefore, airline industry companies have a very limited power over their suppliers. Additionally, as it has been announced by the International Air Transport Association (2008), the global airline industry possesses losses due to the increased oil prices which also decrease the industry’s profitability. * Threat of new entrants low The threat of new entrants depends on the number and complexity of the barriers to entry. The barrier of the starting capital or investment is extremely high in the airline industry. Also, there are a lot of legal or patents issues with opening and maintaining of the airline organisation, which also is a barrier to entry. The brand loyalty is another very important barrier to entry. When choosing the airlines, customers, especially â€Å"the high profile† ones, are being very careful about health and safety, comfort and other details, therefore tend to choose companies with the brand they trust. Overall, the threat of new entrants is low, because there is a number of very hard to overcome barriers to entry, and if the small company appears on the market, it tends to be absorbed by one of the major players in the industry. Threat of substitutes – low Airlines industry – being an important sector of travel and tourism industry will have such potential substitutes as the sea, railway and road types of transportation. However, as Etihad is operating in an upper-class prices level, the threat of substitutes would be fairly low. In terms of potenti al business travellers, the time would be more important than money for them. In terms of leisure tourists, the prices may matter, however, cruise ships’ tickets tend to be more expensive than the planes’ ones. The main component of the firm’s marketing strategy and the rationale for this strategy in light of the environmental conditions in which it operates; 3. 1 Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning In marketing, segmentation, targeting and positioning are inseparable as they all related to each other. Segmentation is dividing the market into different groups with similar needs. Targeting is determining which offerings to make to each market segment and then the final step is to position the brand within the target market (Hooley and Saunders, 1993). Traditionally, airlines segment their customers in order to align their product strategy according to the different segments (Teichert et al, 2008). 3. 1. 1 Segmentation Market Segmentation was defined by Baines et al (2008, p. 217) as the division of a market into different groups of customers with distinctly similar needs. Alternatively, Kotler et al (2005, p. 391) add that these groups of customers have different needs, characteristics and behaviours and they require different marketing or product mixes. Customers can be segmented according to geographic, demographic, psychographic and behaviour variables. Etihad segment their customers according to three different boarding classes, which are: Diamond First Class, Pearl Business Class and Coral Economy. Each class is aimed at a different customer segment. Diamond First Class is aimed at wealthy individuals and business people who are willing to maintain their luxurious lifestyle in the air. Pearl Business is targeted at business and leisure travellers who are willing to pay more to enjoy a better flying experience. Coral Economy is aimed at customers who are on a budget but willing to enjoy a comfortable flying experience with the highest level of service. It is worth noting that Etihad is a five star airline and provides the highest level of service. According to Milne (2009) Etihad segment their customers according to business, religious, personal and tourist purposes. The rationale behind Etihad’s segmentation is to appeal to all types of customers with different income levels. Based on the prices that Etihad charge, it is clear to see that they aim for the middle and upper class social sector customers who command high standards of hospitality and luxury. 3. 1. 2 Targeting Once a company has segmented their customers into different groups based on their characteristics, the next step is to target their customers with products and services that might appeal to that particular customer segment. Etihad airlines follow a differentiated marketing approach which involves targeting several market segments and designing separate offers for each (Kotler et al, 2005, p. 419). Etihad is different from their rivals because they are smaller airline but they are a luxury brand and offer personalised services to all their customers in spite of what class they are travelling in. By differentiating the market, this might lead to higher sales volumes for Etihad because they are able to exploit the segments with their offerings. The benefits of the strategy are its difficulty for competitors to copy and the level of service cannot be obtained anywhere else by the customer. A disadvantage of the strategy is the high volume of resources required to meet the needs of different customers, resulting in a loss of economies of scales and increased operating costs for the company. 3. 1. Positioning A positioning strategy determines where the business competes, how it competes and the choice of differential advantage which dictates how it competes (Doyle and Stern, 2006, p. 84). Positioning is important for an organisation because it is a way for a business to stand out from its rivals and let the customers to identify the brand easily (Baines, 2008, p. 251). Etihad positions itself within the airline industry as a luxury brand which offers 5 star hospitality and luxury personalised service. Etihad’s on-board services are hospitality orientated and are similar to those of 5 star hotels. The airline industry is very competitive and it is hard to differentiate between the quality of services because they almost the same and there is not much of a distinctive difference between them. Etihad has a competitive advantage in this market by starting out as a luxury brand form the outset. Other airlines are now trying to raise their standards but this will take a long time to achieve. Etihad is positioned at the high end of the airline industry. In comparison to RyanAir and Easyjet, these airlines are at two extremes of the scale and it is clear that Etihad does have a strategy that makes it different from all the airlines on the market. Because Etihad has positioned itself well within the industry, it has capitalised on its uniqueness. The company achieved a huge success in the short time of operating and established a strong sustainable market position. Looking at the STP of Etihad in the light of the environmental conditions in which it operates, it is clear to see that the conditions are a little bit tough due to competition from cheaper airlines and the gloomy economic outlook. Due to the recession, people are tightening their belts and spending less, therefore most people would prefer to pay less to fly to their chosen destinations. This is where Etihad stand to lose out to cheaper airline companies. 40% of their revenue comes from economy class seats, therefore if they price themselves too high in these current economic conditions, they risk losing a huge chunk of their revenue to other airlines because customers will always go for the cheaper airline ticket. In terms of competition, Emirates amp; Qatar Airways are Etihad’s biggest competitors, fighting for the same customers. Also these two companies are more established and have a bigger customer base than Etihad. Etihad is still a very young company being vulnerable to competition. However, it seems they are doing very well and recently broke even, planning to expand, while maintaining their current market position. All this can be accredited to their solid marketing strategy which they are using to maximise their benefit and strengthen their position within this market. 4. 0 Strategic Alliances Strategic alliances reduce the boundaries between firms and enable easier flow of knowledge across those boundaries. This process creates the possibility for organisations to share administrative authority, form social links and joint ventures (Badaracso, 1991). One of the reasons why firms engage in strategic alliances includes sufficient resources, low pace of innovation, low technology, high manufacturing cost and market access (Doz, 1996). Another reason to collaborate in strategic alliances is to create a competitive advantage over competitors in the market (Lei and Slocum, 2005). Also, strategic alliance help companies to bring their products on to the new innovation level (Zhang, 2010). The advantage of strategic alliances is to share the risk and cost of products. Firms join strategic alliances for compiling technologies and assets, enhancing easier access to resources and technologies (Ohmae, 1989). Firms could assure the sufficiency of their resources, that the new technologies to maintain their advantages with the strategic alliances (Ireland, et al. , 2002). The disadvantages of strategic alliances is that organisations might give their partners more than they gain, the exchange of resources, benefits and knowledge should be reciprocated between the firms. Organizations could stand the chance of losing their competitive advantages if they provide benefits such as resources, knowledge and technology. Most strategic alliances don’t maintain their cooperative relationships for a long term as most strategic alliances are based on the current benefits rather than future competitive advantages. Also, in strategic alliances, the effect of competition can lead to aggressive knowledge acquisition from partner firms (Kaplan, et al. , 2010). Notably, many alliances fail as a result of inter firm rivalry (Park and Ungson, 2001). When firms merely pursue self-interests (competition) but neglect common benefits (derived from cooperation), partner firms may lose motivation to continue the alliance. Implementing any organisational alliance successfully depends upon a firm’s knowledge and ability to manage interdependencies with a partner through on-going coordination with that partner, to credibly convey relevant information and knowledge to the partner, and to develop social bonds with the partner (Ireland, et al. , 2002). Strategic alliance between airlines, as defined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), is â€Å"a merging of resources, operations, of financial interests between [one] entity and [another] entity (Vander-Kraats, 1993). This entity could be an air carrier or a repair station and could involve the sharing of parts or the utilization of mechanics, pilots, and flight attendants. Some of the strategic alliance adopted by Etihad can include code-sharing agreements, marketing arrangements, procurement policies, system commonality, and interchanges of flight-crew personnel and sponsorship with other major organisation (Vander-Kraats, 1993). Etihad pursuit of code sharing agreement has become a key part of its marketing strategy. A  codeshare agreement, sometimes simply  codeshare, is an aviation business arrangement where two or more airlines share the same flight. A seat can be purchased on one airline but is actually operated by a cooperating airline under a different  flight number or code. Etihad has a major partnership with Virgin Blue’s group of airlines which enables Virgin Blue’s international brand â€Å"V Australia† to operate joint services with Etihad. Combined, these two airlines offer joint networks of more than 100 destinations (Etihad, 2012). To succeed, alliance partners must encourage true collaboration beyond the formal governance structure and learn how to adapt and integrate knowledge acquired from the alliance to serve the specific needs of their own innovative efforts (Hughes and Weiss, 2007). Through these alliances Etihad strengthen their core-competence such as stronger brand name, and capture a stronger client base. 5. 0 Sponsorship Etihad’s sponsorships portfolio includes sports and major tourism events in the U. A. E and different regions in the world. Commercial sponsorships is defined as a cash investment in an activity, person or event, while in return gaining the access to the exploitable commercial potential associated with that activity or person by the investor (Meenagham, 1991). Sponsorships provide the mechanism for changing, adjusting or reinforcing brand equity supported on updated processing of attributes, benefits and attitudes (Keller, 1998). Corporate sponsorships are used to enhance the brand equity by raising awareness and creating positive brand associations in the mind of consumers (Gwinner and Eaton, 1999; Meenagham, 1991). This highlights the effects and significance of strong brands as it possesses the ability to attract a wide audience. The advantages of sponsorships include the promotion of caring attitude and goodwill. The good example of successful sponsorship is Etihad’s stadium and Etihad’s association with Manchester city and a football team which attracts a wide audience (Etihad, 2012). The disadvantage of sponsorships is that the investments made by the sponsors do not always guarantee that the objectives will be achieved. In the case of Etihad, investing in sport teams can backfire if they don’t meet the expectations the firm had for their performance. The final disadvantage of sponsorships involves any bad publicity derived from the benefactor will inevitably affect the brand name associated. 6. 0 Contribution to the Competitive Advantage and its Sustainability After analysing Etihad’s main marketing strategies, the discussion below will be about how each of the components of these strategies contributes to the firm’s competitive advantage. 6. Segmentation, Positioning and Targeting Segmentation gives Etihad a competitive advantage because it helps them differentiate and understand their customers’ needs more and helps improve their offering to the different types of customers. By understanding their customers’ needs better, they can gain an advantage over their rivals. On the other hand, every airline segments their customers according to the different classes ther efore there is not much of an advantage since they all have a similar system of segmenting their customers. Etihad’s positioning gives them a competitive advantage because they position themselves as a 5 star airline offering 5 star hotel quality services on board. Their service on board is what sets them apart from their competitors. This advantage is sustainable in the long run provided they maintain their high standards throughout. Also, in terms of positioning, Etihad found a â€Å"gap† in the market by using Abu Dhabi Airport as their base rather than Dubai airport because of the cheaper airport fees and taxes which gives them a cost saving competitive advantage. By targeting a specific demographic, Etihad’s marketing campaigns are likely to be more cost and time efficient as it will be highly relevant to the target market’s needs and it enables them to stand out from their competitors. 6. 2 Strategic Alliances and Sponsorships Strategic alliances have enabled Etihad to create a competitive advantage in their industry and make this advantage sustainable. Etihad engage in strategic alliances as a way of seeking to reduce competition in their quest to raise profits (Badaracco, 1991). These alliances have nabled the company to share the risks associated with the ventures because some projects are too complicated for Etihad to handle on their own. (Badaracco, 1991). By collaborating with other firms worldwide, Etihad are overcoming barriers to entry in new geographical markets since they are a growing company looking to expand globally. Organizations expanding overseas find that they require a local partner due to unfamiliarity with the local conditions (Badaracco, 1991). Strategic alliances enable firms to exchange favours such as improving product quality, technologies and factors related to products. Sustainable competitive advantage indicates that companies could maintain their completive advantage for a long term (Culpan, 2008). Through their strategic alliance with Sabre in December 2011, Etihad gained access to integrated software across its reservations, inventory marketing and e-commerce, distribution and departure control operations. The benefits from this alliance included improved joint market share which has the potential to generate over $25 million dollars per annum for both companies. This report attempts to analyse the environment in which Etihad Airways Company has to maintain its business profitable and prosperous. The report covers main marketing strategies and tools Etihad uses for the purpose of identifying and understanding its customers’ base and keeping a relationship with it. Finally, the extent to which these marketing strategies help to keep the business and its competitive advantages sustainable is evaluated and critically accessed.

The Role Of Trees In Toni Morrison free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Beloved Essay, Research Paper Nature frequently times stand for a alone composure. Toni Morrison doesn Ts make anyexceptions to this thought. In her novel Beloved, Toni Morrison uses trees to typify comfort, protection and peace. Morrison uses trees throughout Beloved to stress theserenity that the natural universe offers. Many black characters, and some white and Native American characters, refer to trees as offering composure, mending and flight, thusconveying Morrison s message that trees bring peace. Besides utilizing the fresh scharacters to convey her message, Morrison herself shows and shows the good andcalmness that trees represent in the tree imagination in her narrative. Toni Morrison usestrees and characters responses to them to demo that when one lives through an ordeal ashorrible as bondage, one will of course happen comfort in the simple or apparently harmlessaspects of life, such as nature and particularly trees. With the tree s symbolism of flight and peace, Morrison uses her characters mentions t o their repose and soothing nature as messages that merely in nature couldthese oppressed people find comfort and flight from unwanted ideas. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role Of Trees In Toni Morrison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Almost everyone of Morrison s characters find safety in trees and nature, particularly the maincharacters such as Sethe and Paul D. During Sethe s clip in bondage, she has witnessedmany gruesome and atrocious events that inkinesss endure such as tannings and lynchings.However, Sethe apparently chooses to retrieve the sight of lacewood trees over thesight of lynched male childs, therefore uncovering her comfort in a tree s presence, Boys hanging from the most beautiful lacewoods in the universe. It shamed her-remembering the fantastic soughing trees instead than the male childs. Try as she might tomake it otherwise, the lacewoods beat out the kids every clip and she could notforgive her memory for that. ( 6 ) Although Sethe wants she would ve remembered the male childs alternatively, she probablyrationalized this idea because when she asks Paul D about intelligence of Halle, she picturesthe lacewoods alternatively of the possibility that Halle has been lynched: I wouldn Ts have toask about him would I? You d state me if there was anything to state, wouldn T you? Sethelooked down at her pess and proverb once more the lacewoods ( 8 ) . When Schoolteacher whipsSethe, go forthing her back leathery with cicatrixs, she refers to the cicatrix as a chokecherry tree tosoothe and to decrease the physically and emotional hurting that the cicatrix represents: Butthat s what she said it looked like, A chokecherry tree. Trunk, subdivisions and even leaves.Tiny small chokecherry leaves ( 16 ) . While Sethe thinks of trees to mend and quiet herpain and agony, Paul D straight looks for physically existent trees as his flight fromeveryday slave life. During Paul D s clip in bondage, he chose to love trees for their comfort and calmqualities: # 8230 ; trees were ask foring ; things you could swear and be nigh ; talk to if you wantedto as he often did since manner back when he took the noon repast in the Fieldss ofSweet Home ( 21 ) . Because of these qualities, Paul D chose one p eculiar tree, largerand more inviting than other trees, to ever return to. A tree which he named Brother and a tree that listened and comforted and was ever at that place. But most significantly, Brother represents the soothing flight from bondage which Paul D didn T and doesn thave: His pick he called Brother, and sat under it, entirely sometimes. Sometimes withHalle or the other Pauls # 8230 ; ( 21 ) . After a long twenty-four hours working in the Fieldss, Paul D wouldrest, frequently times under the towering but soothing presence of Brother with Halle, thePauls and Sixo: He, Sixo and both of the Pauls sat under Brother pouring H2O from agourd over their caputs # 8230 ; ( 27 ) . Not merely do trees stand for comfort, they besides represent aplace of security, a topographic point for flight from slave life. When Sixo visits the Thirty-MileWoman, he escapes into the secure forests before her maestro could catch him: But Sixohad already melted into the forests before the cilium cou ld unroll itself on his indigobehind ( 25 ) . While Paul D sits under Brother to happen comfort, Sixo enters the forests atnight to dance, flight slave life and to maintain his civilization: Sixo went among the trees atnight. For dance, he said, to maintain his lineages open, he said ( 25 ) . Even Beloved, thestrange human phantom of the Crawling Already Baby, apparently finds comfort withtrees when she appears in the existent universe: She hardly gained the dry bank of the streambefore she sat down and leaned against a mulberry tree ( 50 ) . Morrison s characters referto trees for comfort, flight and safety, therefore conveying Morrison s message. While the chief important characters refer to the trees repose and comfort, characters with lesser significance or lesser prominence in Beloved besides refer to trees, non to themselves though, to convey the message that nature helps supply comfort andescape. Amy Denver, the whitewoman who had helped Sethe through labour merely appearsonc e in the book during Denver s narrative. Although she merely appears one time, her treereference to Sethe s scarred back helps comfort Sethe s physical and mental hurting: It s a tree Lu. See, here s the trunk- it s ruddy and disconnected unfastened, full of sap, and this here s theparting for the subdivisions. You got a mighty a batch of subdivisions. Leafs, excessively, look like, anddern if these ain T flowers. Bantam small red tree flowers, merely as white. Your back gota whole tree on it. In bloom. ( 79 ) Amy Denver uses a euphemism for Sethe s cicatrix, naming it a chokecherry tree to ease thepain and memory that the cicatrix brings. The image of a chokecherry tree brings spring, bloom and peaceable nature alternatively of the shame, hurting and unhappiness that the cicatrix trulyrepresents. Trying to ease Sethe s pain some more, Amy Denver hunts for spiderwebs, another merchandise of mother nature, to drape over Sethe s tree to chill the hurting and tothen refer to the scar as a Christmas tree to conjure images of peace and happiness totake Sethe s mind off her pain and suffering: Amy returned with two palmfuls of web,which she cleaned of prey and then draped on Sethe s back, saying it was like stringing atree for Christmas (80). While the whitewoman Amy Denver aided Sethe, a group ofCherokee Indians helped Paul D to his freedom. When Paul D escapes from Alfred,Georgia, the Cherokees tell him to follow cherry blossoms to freedom and escape fromAlfred, Georgia: That way, he said, pointing. Follow the tree flowers, he said. Onlythe tree flowers. As they go, you go. You will be where you want to be when they aregone (112). Nature brings a certain calmness to life and the characters references to treessupport this idea. While Morrison relies on her characters references to trees to conveyher message, she herself indirectly reiterates her point by using symbolic tree imagery inher narration. In her description of the path to the clearing, Morrison des cribes droopingtrees as if they represented towering guards seemingly bringing serenity and security to aonce sacred place: The old path was a track now, but still arched over with treesdrooping buckeyes onto the grass below (89). The mere image of draping branches overthe path to the clearing implies the security that trees bring. And to further her point,Morrison subtlety implies the sin of cutting down soothing, calming trees by describingthe lumberyard s surroundings and the old sawyer: Up and down the old lumberyard fence old roses were dying. The sawyer who hadplanted them twelve years ago to give his workplace a friendly feel- something to takethe sin out of slicing trees for a living†¦ (47) Besides representing protection, security and comfort, Morrison also implies that treesbring good things. To Sethe and Denver, Beloved represents the best things in the world,a daughter and a sister. When Sethe and Denver first discover their best thing, Belovedis slumped over a tree stump, Morrison s subtle message that trees bring good things: Just as she thought it might happen, it has. Easy as walking into a room. A magicalappearance on a stump, the face wiped out by sunlight†¦ (123). Morrison also uses thisimplication when various townspeople leave food for Denver and Sethe on a tree stump: Two days later Denver stood on the porch and noticed something lying on the tree stumpat the edge of the yard. She went to look and found a sack of white beans. Another time aplate of cold rabbit meat. One morning a basket of eggs sat there. (250) Not only can trees bring good things, trees can also bring people into good situations.When Paul D. leaves the woods, he finds himself in Wilmington with food and atemporary home as if Morrison implies that the woods lead him to comfort: Crawlingout of the woods, cross-eyed with hunger and loneliness, he knocked at the first backdoor he came to in the colored section of Wilmington (131). Paul D has also followedthe tree b lossoms to Sethe, another sign that trees help bring good and calmness.Morrison s indirect implications of tree s soothing nature has strong symbolism,representing the comfort and calmness to readers. While Toni Morrison mainly uses tree imagery as a message of serenity andcomfort, she uses her characters responses to trees to show that perhaps when one livesthrough a horrific ordeal like slavery, people find comfort in the natural world for itscalmness and seemingly harmless characteristics. For Paul D, loving small thingsrepresents survival. When forced into Alfred, Georgia, Paul D encounters the most evilthat he has ever encountered before, but despite tasting the iron bit, watching Sixo burn,losing Halle and the Pauls, and facing Schoolteacher s slavery, Paul D finds comfort in ayoung tree in the prison camp: Loving small and in secret. His little love was a tree of course, but not like Brother- old,wide and beckoning. In Alfred, Georgia, there was an aspen too young to call a s apling.Just a shoot no taller than his waist. The kind of thing a man would cut to whip his horse.(221) For Stamp Paid, an established savior, he feels the most comfortable when he helps andaids others. Stamp Paid s picking berries for Sethe and Denver symbolizes his comforttowards helping people with the goodness of nature: †¦went off with two buckets to aplace near the river s edge that only he knew about where blackberries grew, tasting sogood and happy that to eat them was like being in church (136). A similar figure toStamp Paid, Baby Suggs holy also finds the most comfort in helping others, givingadvice, passing messages, healing the sick, hiding fugitives, loving and loving somemore. She became a holy presence in town and preached from a rock in the clearingsurrounded by trees, doing what she finds comfort in, helping and preaching to others: In the Clearing, Sethe found Baby s old preaching rock and remembered the smell ofleaves simmering in the sun, thunderous feet and the shouts that ripped pods off the limbsof chestnuts. With Baby Suggs heart in charge, the people let go (94). Even Sixo, the wild man went among the trees at night to keep his bloodlines open. Each one of these characters has endured the horrors of slavery and faced thisordeal in different ways, but they all deal with slavery with the comforting and harmlessaspect of nature, trees. Although people today don t have to live through slavery, peoplestill have to face their own tough personal situations. Instead of having nature to sootheone s problems, people today drown their sorrows in material possessions and controlledsubstances, unfortunately a problem plaguing society. Readers can only remember a timenot too long ago when the little secret hiding place in the woods or one s special thinkingrock meant a great deal more than material items, a simple healthy escape from life andit s problems.